stochastic scheduling

Nowadays optimal operation of micro grids is important. A micro grid is an energy system that provides consumers with electricity through renewable-based or traditional resources. In this paper, it is supposed that the micro grid is capable of being immediately separated from the main grid due to disturbance and connected to the adjacent micro grid to meet the demand through buying electric power from the adjacent operator. In addition to this, stochastic operation scheduling of power resources is proposed the objective function of which is to minimize operating cost. Also, outage few scenarios including main grid outage and the uncertainties associated with wind generation and load are considered. Then, we use a scenario reduction technique to reduce the number of scenarios. Considering risk constraint, the effect of different levels of risk on the operating cost and resources commitment is analyzed and compared in grid-connected mode. The case studies results clearly state the effect of demand response and energy storage on operating cost reduction especially in occurrence of upstream outage and unavailability of adjacent micro grid capacity or due to connection status.

In this paper, a risk-constrained two-stage stochastic model is proposed for optimal scheduling of autonomous microgrids considering the participation of end-use customers in demand response programs. The goal of the proposed scheme is to maximize the profit of the microgrid operator in different conditions of the user's risk taking, so that customers pay the lowest cost for their energy consumption. Based on the proposed model, customers are able to provide part of the system's reserve capacity to deal with uncertainties by using smart and response loads capability. The uncertainties of the problem are due to the predicted error of renewable resources, energy prices and demand loads, modeled on scenario-based methods. In the proposed model, in order to deal with the effects of undesirable scenarios, an index for assessing the value of risk is employed to estimate the level of undesirable profits. In addition, in order to more accurately analyze the frequency and voltage limitations, an AC load flow is used in the problem-solving process that achieves more realistic result to the microgrid operation. Finally, the proposed model is implemented in a typical microgrid and the results are investigated in different cases.