algorithm

The aim of this study is to optimize water resource management in the Jarrahi River Basin with an environmental sustainability approach for the Shadgan International Wetland. The Jarrahi River is one of the rivers in the Persian Gulf and Oman Sea drainage basin, with most of its course located in Khuzestan province. The river's catchment area lies on the southwestern slopes of the Middle Zagros Mountains and is located between 48°45' and 51°10' East longitude and 30°30' to 31°40' North latitude. Its area is 24,300 square kilometers. A water resource planning model for the entire Marun and Jarrahi river system was developed using an optimization approach. The entire Marun-Jarrahi watershed was simulated in a monthly time step over a 60-year period using the WEAP simulator, and five scenarios were defined. The results were then integrated and analyzed using the powerful Shahin Harin meta-exploration algorithm. Based on the results, the release pattern for water utilization within the standard benchmark four and ten tank system using Harris Hawks Optimization (HHO), FPA, and SOS algorithms, the exploitation policies derived from the HHO algorithm with a more optimal release pattern yielded the highest benefit. Additionally, the model with the least water shortage was identified using this approach. These results demonstrate the superior efficiency of the HHO algorithm compared to the other meta-exploration algorithms employed. As a further innovation, study proposes and develops a novel hybrid model combining HHO and Cat Swarm Optimization (CSO) algorithms, referred to as the HHO-CSO algorithm.

Uganda as a developing nation, needs to exploit her renewable energy potential to maximum through extensive research in the field of solar engineering. Thus, this work tries to build up a comprehensive clearness index model at three categories; national, regional and district on periodic (monthly) and non-periodic (yearly) basis for this purpose. Approximately, this quest is proceeded with the acquisition of quadragenarious data from both National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) and the on-station data from four locations in Uganda. The data were arranged in the structural order of the proposed clearness index (CI) model in the MS-Excel spread sheet and later exported to OriginLab to obtain the coefficients of the CI models. The statistical inference; the coefficient of determination (R^2), were all tending to unity (1) which indicates the strength of the models obtained. It is observed that clearness index ranges for the different regions of Uganda: Northern (0.5288-0.6077), Eastern (0.5609-0.6077), Central (0.5123-0.6224) and Western (0.5123-0.5893). Besides, the empirical validation of the model results with the on-station data was carried out. There was good agreement between the simulated and on-station data with the trace of deviations which could be attributed to the impact of latitude and longitude of the failed locations. Furthermore, the present models were compared with the existing models, the deviation between the measured and the present model was insignificant compared to the existing models. Therefore, the present model could be employed in the advancement of solar technologies in Uganda.

Delay Locked Loops (DLLs) and Phase Locked Loops (PLLs) are commonly used as a synthesizer or clock and data recovery circuit in most of the communication systems. In this paper, a new DLL is designed based on PRP conjugate gradient algorithm. The proposed DLL do not need any phase frequency detector, charge pump and loop filters, hence it can contribute better jitter performance and higher speed in comparison with conventional DLLs. In this design, PRP conjugate gradient algorithm is used to optimize the delay amount of each delay cells therefore helps the DLL to lock more accurately and quickly compared with gradient algorithm. In addition, for applying the PRP conjugate gradient algorithm a digital signal processor is used in the proposed architecture. To show the accuracy of the proposed structure’s operation, simulation has been done for 15 delay cells and fREF is chosen 14MHz to have output frequency 14×15=210MHz. fOUT=210 MHz is one of the channels in Iran VHF frequency band. As shown with simulation, the proposed architecture has a locking time of approximately 286nsec which is equal to 4 clock cycles of the reference clock.