جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « dip » در نشریات گروه « فنی و مهندسی »

Drought is one of the most important climatic phenomena that is caused by climatic anomalies. Which occurs periodically due to lack of moisture due to reduced rainfall. Drought duration may vary from month to several years. Therefore, by monitoring and evaluating the drought, the damage caused by it can be reduced. Drought is one of the most important and destructive phenomena that in recent years has left many economic and social effects in the city of Islamabad, West. Therefore, in this study, the drought situation of Islamabad West using rainfall data in 30 years (1991 to 2020) using DIP software on an annual basis of drought status based on PNI, SPI, ZSI, CZI was used as a measure to monitor meteorological drought. The results showed that these indicators were consistent with each other, so that based on the above indicators, the results show that in Islamabad West in 1999 and 2014, the most severe drought occurred in the statistical period. In 2005 and 2008, drought occurred with a moderate drought situation.

Backbreak and subject of reduction in the bench dip respect to the blasthole dip have the important role on the stability and design of remained bench wall after blasting. Effects of parameters of blastholes and charging due to surface mines including: blasthole diameter, blastholes spacing, burden, stemming, blasthole length, blasthole dip, under drilling, charge quantity in each delay and powder factor on the backbreak distance and varying the reduction of bench dip angle (β) respect to the blastholes dip angle (α) have been investigated by various blasting operations in Eyvughly gypsum mine, Rashakan limestone mine, Sungun copper mine and Gholghohar iron mine in this research. Each parameter of backbreak distance (Lb) and varying the reduction of bench dip respect to the blastholes dip increases with an increase of blasthole diameter, blastholes spacing, burden, stemming and blasthole length. The parameters of Lb and () show better correlations with the blasthole diameter and blastholes spacing (S). The parameters of Lb and dont show correlation with the three parameters of under drilling (U), charge quantity in each delay and powder factor. The multivariable relationships between parameters of backbreak distance (Lb) and varying the reduction of bench dip respect to the blastholes dip () with the combination of five blasthole parameters including: diameter, blastholes spacing (S), burden (B), stemming and blasthole length were obtained by statistic analysis using SPSS program with correlation coefficient (R) of 0.948 and 0.960 respectively. The amount of backbreak distance (Lb) and varying the reduction of bench dip respect to the blastholes dip can be predicted and controlled using the obtained multivariable relationships. The parameters of blastholes have important effects on the backbreak and dips of mine benches, and proposed relationships can be useful for stability analysis and design of mine benches due to the blasting operations.

Nowadays use of semiconductors in particular titania in photocatalytic activities has been a lot of interest. Among many candidates for photocatalysis، TiO2 is almost the only material suitable for industrial uses. Conventional powder catalysts suffer from disadvantages in stirring during the reaction and in separation after the reaction. Preparation of the coatings make it possible to overcome these disadvantages. In this study، nano-titania coatings was prepared by sol gel-dip coating onto the high purity aluminum surface and degradation of methylene blue as a dye pollutant، was investigated in the presence of TiO2 thin films. The anodizing process is used to create nanometer pores and increase surface roughness and for these reasons، the degradation of methylene blue increase significantly In this research، The structure and composition of the coatings were characterized by means of X-ray Diffraction (XRD)، Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and UV-Visible Spectrophotometery (UV-Vis).

To discover a suitable geological structure for Petroleum exploration, development of three-dimensional 3D modeling of the structure, are required. The 3D visualization provides a comprehensive picture of geometric characteristics of the geological structure. Such model is generally made by integration of surface geological data and satellite images which are draped on digital terrain models of a specific area. Up to now, these surface data including dip and strike of structural planar features would be measured and collected during field observations in the study area. Generally, the fieldworks are exhausting and consume more time and money as well. Moreover, some locations are not accessible to collect required data of the geological structure. To solve these problems, the remote sensing techniques e.g. GPS/ INS/ STAR TRACKER besides satellite cameras provide powerful, quick and inexpensive tools for collecting the required surface geological data. Here, we use cartosat1 (IRIS P5-streoalongtrack) satellite images with rational coefficient for determining the surface data, strike and dip. The most advantages of the method are that there is no need to apply any ground control points for providing surface data. Therefore, it is no required to arrange any field observation plan. To evaluate the study results, we test the suggested method using previous geological measurement published on the geological maps for two different areas, located in the Zagros range and the Albourz Mountains. The results indicate the accuracy in a range of few degrees for dip and strike measured by the suggested method compared to the direct geological measurements. These differences may be due to local solution in geological maps and global solution in our method and good point is that geologist needs global solution.

In the last decade, Calcium Titanate has been introduced as a bioceramic with acceptable mechanical and biological properties for orthopaedic implant applications. In this study, CaTiO3 nano-structure coating was produced by sol-gel dip-coating route for biomedical applications. Calcium nitrate and titanium isopropoxide were used as a precursor. After coating process, the specimen was subjected to rapid thermal annealing (RTA) at 800°C. The phase structure, functional groups and surface morphology of coating were investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR)and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Uniform crack-free nano-structured coatings were obtained with perovskite crystal structure.