جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « Breast Cancer » در نشریات گروه « پزشکی »

Candida albicans is an “opportunistic fungal agent” in cancer patients that can become colonized in both mucosal and deep tissues and cause severe infections. Most evidence has shown that C. albicans can enhance the progress of different cancers by several mechanisms such as generating virulence factors, participation in endogenous production of pro-inflammatory mediators, and stimulating a wide range of immune cells in the host. The main idea of this review is to describe a range of Candida-used mechanisms that are important in candidiasis-associated malignant processes and cancer development, particularly breast cancer. This review intends to provide a detailed discussion on different regulatory mechanisms of C. albicans that undoubtedly help to open new therapeutic horizons of cancer therapy in patients with fungal infection. The current therapeutic approach is not fully effective in immunocompromised and cancer patients, and further studies are required to find new products with effective antifungal properties and minimal side effects to increase the susceptibility of opportunistic fungal infections to conventional antifungal agents. So, in this situation, a special therapy should be considered to control the infection and simultaneously have the most therapeutic index on tumor patients.

Breast cancer is one of the most common cancers among women, and current treatments are inadequate due to unwarranted side effects and lack of specificity resulting in off target consequences. Artesunate is a synthetic anti-malarial drug that exerts inhibitory effects on cancer cell lines via apoptosis and has been used treating some cancers. This study investigated the anticancer effects of Fe3O4 magnetic nanoparticles conjugated with chitosan, polyethylene glycol, folic acid, and artesunate in vivo and in vitro.

Nanoparticles were synthesized by co-precipitation; morphology and size were determined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and the presence of the components was verified by nanoscale Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR).  4T1 murine mammary tumor cells were treated with nanoparticles, and cell viability was determined by MTT assay. 4T1 cells were also subcutaneously injected into BALB/c mice, and magnetic resonance imaging was carried out two weeks later to determine tumor size among the groups.  Interferon gamma (IFN-γ) and IL-4 levels (in splenocytes culture supernatant) were measured by ELISA, and tumors, surrounding tissues, and mouse livers were histopathologically studied. 

The nanoparticle made in this article had good anticancer effects and caused apoptosis in cancer cells in breast cancer, and also strengthened the cellular immune system and further increased interferon gamma and increased the half-life of mice with cancer, while this nanoparticle It did not have the side effects of chemotherapy drugs.

Artesunate-containing nanoparticles decreased 4T1 cell viability and increased apoptosis to a greater extent than nanoparticles without the drug. In vivo, artesunate nanoparticles showed no toxicity and were more effective in decreasing tumor size than control. They were also associated with increased survival, increased IFN-γ, and decreased IL-4 levels in the spleen. The findings show the drug targets cancer  cells effectively with minimal side effects due to its herbal nature and targeted nano delivery.

Cerium oxide nanoparticles (Ceo2 NPs) are considered one of the most effective nanomaterials for drug delivery. The current study aimed to investigate the anticancer activities of doxorubicin-loaded Ceo2 NPs (DOX-Ceo2 NPs) against the MDA-MB-231 human breast cancer cell line.

Ceo2 NPs were synthesized using the GREEN synthesis method and loaded with DOX (DOX-Ceo2 NPs). The physicochemical properties of the Ceo2 NPs were evaluated using FTIR, XRD, DLS, zeta potential, and electron microscopy (SEM/TEM). Cultured MDA-MB-231 cells were treated with different concentrations of bare Ceo2 NPs, free DOX, and DOX-Ceo2 NPs. In addition, HDF cells were treated with different concentrations of Ceo2 NPs. MTT, wound healing, and flow cytometry assays were performed to determine the cell viability, migration, and apoptosis, respectively. qPCR was performed to investigate the expression of genes involved in apoptosis, including caspase (CASP) 3, 8, 9, and Bcl-2. 

The XRD and FTIR results confirmed the synthesis of pure and crystalline structured- Ceo2 NPs. The average size, PDI, and zeta potential of the Ceo2 NPs were approximately 239.1 nm, 0.074, and -9.04 mV, respectively. In vitro assays showed that DOX-Ceo2 NPs exhibited higher cell proliferation inhibition, migration suppression, and apoptosis induction through the upregulation of CASP3, CASP8, and CASP9 genes and downregulation of Bcl-2. 

Our data demonstrate the potential of Ceo2 NPs for the efficient delivery of DOX and, subsequently, the improvement of its anticancer activities. Therefore, DOX-Ceo2 NPs have the potential to be proposed as promising anticancer agents for breast cancer.

Breast cancer accounts for 23% of all neoplasias in women, which significantly impacts their physical, mental, and social aspects of life. This study investigated the effect of 8-week aerobic exercise alone or with ferulic acid administration combined with or without zinc oxide on the prevention of breast cancer in a rat model.

A total of 27 rats were randomly divided into 9 groups of 3 rats each as follows: 1) Exercise only; 2) Exercise + ferulic acid; 3) Exercise + zinc; 4) Exercise + ferulic + zinc; 5) Ferulic acid only; 6 ) Zinc; 7) Ferulic + zinc; 8) Positive controls; and 9) Negative controls. In the first week, the aerobic exercise protocol consisted of a 10-minute warm-up period at a speed of 10 m/min for 20 min, which increased to a speed of 18 m/min for 30 min. The ferulic acid supplement was administered to rats intraperitoneally using insulin syringes with a volume of 200 µL. After the last training session, the rats’ breast tissue samples were excised, and the expression levels of BCL2, Bax, and caspase-3 were measured by the real-time polymerase chain reaction method. The data were analyzed by one-way ANOVA and Tukey’s post hoc test (P≥0.05).

The findings showed that intermittent exercise plus ferulic acid-zinc supplementation decreased the BCL2 level in the breast cancer group (P=0.004). Intermittent training supplemented with ferulic acid-zinc increased Bax and caspase-3 levels in the breast cancer group (P=0.001).

Aerobic exercise combined with ferulic acid and zinc nanoparticles inhibited cell apoptosis promoted by breast cancer in rats.

Cancer remains one of humanity's leading causes of both illness and death globally. In women worldwide, breast cancer remains the most widespread malignant condition. The new possibilities for direct treatment offered by the advances made thereby were the subject of the recent study undertaken as it sought to unravel tumorigenesis through genetics and molecular appreciation of cancer. Specifically, this research centers on devising and testing immunotoxins as anti-bacterial toxin-based constructs to treat breast cancer. These immunotoxins can kill cancer cells selectively while leaving normal tissues unharmed as they bind only to cancer cell antigens by using both the specificity of antibodies and bacterial toxins' cytotoxicity power. We assessed immunotoxins' binding affinities to their respective antigens based on computational dockings like HADDOCK explaining encouraging results characterized by good docking scores accompanied by low RMSDs—also, dual targeting approaches combined with structure-based. By developing humanized antibodies and novel targeting moieties, challenges such as immunogenicity and non-specific toxicity have been tackled. Our findings suggest that optimized immunotoxins have great potential to enhance therapeutic window as well as efficacy in cancer treatments

In the era of Z-0011, it is mandatory to decrease not only the false negative rate (FNR) of sentinel lymph node (SLN) biopsy but also the risk of residual metastatic nodes after SLN biopsy.

SLN biopsy with intraoperative nodal palpation (INP) was performed in patients with clinically node-negative (cN0) breast cancer. All identified blue and hot nodes were removed as blue/hot SLNs, and any suspicious palpable nodes were removed as palpable SLNs. Nodes that were incidentally removed with the neighboring blue/hot SLNs were classified as para-SLNs. Patients with positive SLNs on the frozen section underwent axillary lymph node dissection (ALND) except for patients who met the Z-0011 and AMAROS criteria for exemption.

Palpable SLNs and para-SLNs were identified in 202 patients. Of 200 patients, excluding 2 patients only with palpable SLNs, 46 patients had involvements of blue/hot SLNs, and 14 had palpable and para-SLNs harboring additional metastasis. When false negative rate (FNR) was calculated based on blue/hot SLNs and palpable SLNs, the additional use of INP resulted in a FNR of 45.2%. Subsequently, ALND was performed in 43 patients with positive blue/hot or palpable SLNs. Residual nodal involvement was found in 28 (65%) of the 43 patients after removing blue/hot SLNs. However, after removing palpable SLNs, the rate of residual nodal metastases significantly decreased from 65% (28/43) to 36% (13/36) (P=0.0133).

INP decreased both the FNR of SLN biopsy and the risk of residual metastatic nodes after SLN biopsy.

Detection of axillary metastases in breast cancer is critical for treatment options and prognosis. The aim of this study is to investigate the value of radiomic features obtained from short tau inversion recovery (STIR) sequences in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of primary tumor in breast cancer in predicting axillary lymph node metastasis (ALNM).

Lesions of 165 patients with a mean age of 51.12 ±11 (range 28-82) with newly diagnosed invasive breast cancer who underwent breast MRI before treatment were manually segmented from STIR sequences in the 3D Slicer program in all sections. Machine learning (ML) analysis was performed using the extracted 851 features Python 3.11, Pycaret library program. Datasets were randomly divided into train (123, 80%) and independent test (63, 20%) datasets. The performances of ML algorithms were compared with area under curve (AUC), accuracy, recall, presicion and F1 scores.

Accuracy and AUC in the training set were in the range of 57 %-86 % and 0.50-0.95, respectively. The best model in the training set was the catBoost classifier with an AUC of 0.95 and 84% accuracy. The AUC, accuracy, recall, precision values and F1 score of the CatBoost classifier on the test set were 0.92, 84 %, 89 %, 85 %, 86 %, respectively.

Radiomic features obtained from primary tumors on STIR sequences have the potential to predict ALNM in invasive breast cancer.

Managing the axilla in patients with node-positive breast cancer who converted to node-negative after neoadjuvant chemotherapy is a challenging issue. We aimed to analyze the false negative rate (FNR) of SLNB after neoadjuvant chemotherapy(NAC)in this group of patients.

In this cross-sectional study, we reviewed the results of SLNB and ALND in 368 breast cancer patients who underwent neoadjuvant chemotherapy from 2015 to 2019. The study included patients with pathologically proven axillary lymph nodes undergoing NAC. We collected the data from the Breast Diseases Research Center of Tehran University of Medical Sciences.

The average age of the patients was 46.58±10.91. Of all the patients, 205 (55.7%) had positive SLN in the histologic analysis after surgery, while 163 (44.3%) had negative results. The study also revealed that the FNR of SLNB was 9.8% (n=16). Our results showed that SLN had 86.55% sensitivity and 100% specificity in detecting the involved nodes.Furthermore, after multivariable analysis, we observed that the higher number of ALND dissections was associatedwith a higher FNR OR=1.21, 95% CI: 1.01-1.45); while the higher number of SLN excisions was linked with a lower FNR (OR=0.42; 95% CI: 0.18-0.97).

After NAC in breast cancer patients with positive lymph nodes, SLNB is feasible with a low FNR; the latter is correlated with the number of nodes removed during the procedure.

Considering limitations related to intensity, duration, and mode of exercise and possible physiological mechanisms, this study aimed to summarize the physiological mechanisms emphasizing inflammation, angiogenesis, and immunology of different exercises related to prevention and treatment of breast cancer.

In the current review study, different platforms were analyzed including PubMed, Scopus, Cochrane, Embase, Web of Science, Science Direct, Google Scholar, and Research Gate as well as Iranian databases such as Scientific Information Database (SID) and Magiran. The data was reviewed until May 2024. Search keywords included “exercise", "sport”, “physical exercise”, “intensity, training”, “breast cancer”, “inflammation”, “angiogenesis”,” immunology”, and “physiological mechanisms”.

Among several proposed mechanisms, inflammation, immunity and angiogenesis have been mentioned as important indices but there are ambiguities regarding the influence of different intensities and durations of exercise on breast cancer prevention and treatment. Other effective factors such as the effect of exercise on gene regulation and some other mechanisms have been proposed as possible mediators.

According to some previous studies, aerobic exercise induces positive effects on preventing and treating breast cancer through reducing inflammation, improving angiogenesis, and enhancing immunological mechanisms. Regarding duration and intensity, long term regular exercise (>8 weeks), in the form of aerobic and especially high intensity interval training (HIIT) reduces inflammation. while the effect of short-term exercise training is not clear yet and high intensity exercise may induce suppressing effects on the immune system. Therefore, the effect of intensity and duration of exercise on physiological mechanismsmust be clarified

Although mammographic density is a strong indicator of breast cancer risk, it is unclear whether there is any association between breast density and certain breast cancer subtypes. This study aimed to investigate the relation between radiologic breast density category and tumor characteristics.

Patients with histologically proven breast cancer who had undergone diagnostic mammography were reviewed retrospectively from 2016 to 2019. The American College of Radiology BI-RADS mammographic density categories were recorded and grouped into low (a and b), and high (c and d). Patient characteristics as well as tumor size, border, pathology, ER, PR, and Her2 immunohistochemistry were extracted from the mammography, ultrasonography, and core needle pathology reports. Binary logistic regression model was used to analyze the association between breast density and receptors, molecular subtypes, or tumor features.

The present study was comprised of 129 patients, with 7, 47, 41, and 34 patients in the density categories a, b, c, and d, respectively. Patients who had a higher breast density were significantly younger (P=0.001). Those with a lower density were more likely to have HER2, IHC 0 tumors (Odds ratio adjusted for age = 4.9, 95% CI 1.25-18.27, P=0.022). Mammographic density was not related to molecular subtypes and other tumor features.

Mammographic dense breast may be associated with Her2 positive breast cancer.

Early breast cancer detection is crucial for improving breast cancer outcomes. Breast Self-Examination (BSE) is a valuable tool that can empower Catholic nuns to take charge of their health, particularly in constrained resource countries like Tanzania. This study aims to use the Health Belief Model (HBM) to predict SBE practices among Catholic nuns in Tanzania's Lake Zone.

This study employed a cross-sectional design whereby a total of 385 catholic nuns were enrolled to participate in the study. The Health Beliefs Model (HBM) guided the study of the interrelated variables related to self-breast examination. Data was collected using a self-administered questionnaire and analyzed using Stata version 18.0. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression was used to test for association at a 5% significant level.

The prevalence of non-performance self-breast examination was 64.2% (95% CI, 59.1%-69.0%). The multivariate logistic regression revealed that nuns who are in the non-health field were more likely not to perform self-breast cancer examination with an AOR of 1.67 (95% CI, 1.02-2.73, p=0.041). Likewise, nuns with high barrier were more likely not to perform self-breast cancer examination with an AOR of 1.88 (95% CI, 1.17-3.02, p=0.009), also, an AOR of 2.25 (95% CI, 1.39-3.65, p=0.001) for nuns with low self-efficacy.

The study revealed that the HBM constructs can predict the SBE behavior of catholic nuns. In addition, educational health interventions are highly recommended to enhance SBE practice among this special group.

Post Mastectomy Pain Syndrome (PMPS) is a chronic neurophatic pain that is localized around the surgical site and can occur immediately or some time after surgery and lasts up to more than three months. Breast cancer is the mostcommon malignancy in women worldwide. Mastectomy is one of the treatment options for breast cancer that is often performed. This research aimed to provide an overview of the profile of breast cancer patients who experienced PMPS at the Oncology Clinic at RSUD dr. Soetomo Surabaya in December 2023.

This research used a cross sectional to all breast cancer patients who experienced PMPS. Samples were taken by consecutive sampling based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. We present our data descriptively in the tabulation of diagrams and tables.

Based on the quality of pain, most patients complained of radiating pain (52.7%), followed by stinging (33.33%), and dullness (14%). Pain was mainly felt at the surgical area (94%) with the remaining 6% feeling pain in ipsilateral arm. A total of 108 samples (60%) felt pain continuously, and most of the samples (86.7%) had a history of taking anti-pain medication to reduce complaints. Only about 36% of the samples said that pain was relieved over time.

At the Tertiary Oncologic Centre in Surabaya, most post-mastectomy pain syndrome patients were older, with luminal A type, and at higher TNM stages. The majority reported pain radiating from the surgery site, typically manifesting more than six months after the surgery.

Female breast cancer is one of the causes of the highest cancer mortality and morbidity in the world. It is already known that there is a strong association between smoking and breast cancer. However, the association between smoking and tumor severity is not very clear. The objective of this study was to assess the severity of the breast tumor, using the tumor's molecular classification as a tool according to its immunohistochemical profile in smoking and non-smoking women.

This is a longitudinal study in which 208 women with a diagnosis of breast cancer were followed for 17 months, 80 of whom were smokers,and all underwent anatomopathologicaldiagnosis by core biopsy and subsequent immunohistochemistry, followed by treatment indicated according to the type and the clinical staging of the tumor. The severity of the tumor was assessed by its molecular classification according to its immunohistochemical profile.

Smoking was associated with higher mortality. The tumor with the most severe immunohistochemical profile was found in younger smokers. Overall, 19.7% of smokers and 10% of non-smokershad a triple negative tumor. The age of female smokers with triple negative was 48.2 years,and of non-smoking women was 52.6 years (P= 0.005). In 17 months of follow-up, mortality among smokers was 39.5% and for nonsmokers, 20%. Survival was statistically significantly lower among the group of smokers (P=0.01).

Smoking is associated with greater breast cancer severity, as the risk for cancer severity was 5.5 times higher for the smoking group,and survival was statistically significantly lower among the group of smokers.

Breast cancer is a common cancer in women, causing significant psychological consequences. Traditionally, researchers have relied on statistical methods to predict factors influencing distress in cancer patients. However, this study explores the potential of artificial neural networks (ANNs) as a novel approach for predicting distress tolerance in women with breast cancer. This study aims to explore the use of ANNs in predicting distress tolerance in women with breast cancer based on anger rumination and physical health.

The research method was descriptive and correlational. The statistical population of this study consisted of 207 women with breast cancer admitted to the hematology-oncology department of Shafa Hospital in Ahvaz in 2023, selected using convenience sampling. Data were collected using Distress Tolerance Scale (DTS), Anger Rumination Scale (ARS), and Physical Health Questionnaire (PHQ). Data analysis involved the Pearson correlation coefficient and ANN. SPSS-27 was used for initial analyses and MATLAB-2019 was used for ANN modeling.

The results showed a negative relationship between anger rumination and distress tolerance, and a positive one between physical health and distress tolerance in women with breast cancer (P<0.001). Furthermore, a significant correlation was found among anger rumination, physical health, and distress tolerance in these women (P<0.001). The ANN analysis also showed that anger rumination had the most significant connection with distress tolerance in thepatients, followed by physical health.

This study identified significant associations between anger rumination, physical health, and distress tolerance in women with breast cancer.These findings add to our understanding of distress tolerance in women with breast cancer, emphasizing the need to address psychological and physical health in interventions to improve well-being.

Breast cancer is the most common cancer in women worldwide and in India. There are very few cases of breast cancer with peripheral blood dissemination having acute leukemia-like blast cells.

Here, we present a 44-year-old breast cancer follow-up patient presenting with leukemia-like blast cells in peripheral blood. The specific cytochemical staining and immunophenotyping assays on bone marrow biopsy revealed that atypical cells in her peripheral blood were from breast cancer metastasis. A comprehensive workup confirmed carcinocythemia in the present case and systemic chemotherapy and hormonal therapy were planned. However, she died 15 days after the carcinocythemia presentation. Carcinocythemia patients have a poor survival.

Because carcinocythemia cells can mimic leukemic blasts and share morphological features, the patient's medical history and a careful analysis of the feathery border of the smear are needed to make a definitivediagnosis.

There is an increase in the incidence of breast and gynecologic cancers in Iran during the last three decades. Literature is inadequate about the Years of Life Lost (YLL) attributed to these cancers in Iran.

Mortality data due to these cancers amongst females aged >20 yr from 2004 to 2019 was acquired from “Electronic Death Registry System”, Fars Province, Iran. Using local health centers’ databases and national census reports from 1996 to 2016, the age-standardized incidence rate (ASR) per 100,000 people were estimated. YLLs were calculated using the WHO’s 2015 “YLL template”.

During 2004–2019, 1886 and 829 deaths occurred due to breast and gynecologic cancers, respectively. The ASR due to breast and gynecologic cancers showed a significant increasing trend (P<0.001 for each). The total YLL due to breast, cervical/uterine/vaginal/vulvar, and ovary cancers’ deaths in the 16-year period were 33,077, 7,172 and 6,584 yr, respectively. The highest YLLs were observed in 50-59-year-old females, followed by 40-49- and 60-69-year-old females. The 16- year trend of YLL rate due to premature mortality in breast cancer, ovary cancer and cervix cancer was increasing: annual percent change (APC) was 7.6% (95% CI: 5.5-9.7, P<0.001), 19.0% (95% CI: 12.2-26.1, P<0.001) and 9.2% (95% CI: -9.2 to 31.3, P>0.05, respectively.

Mortality rate and YLLs due to breast and gynecologic cancers have been increased in southern Iran during the last twenty years. Early detection programs and allocating treatments at early stages should be prioritized.