جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « Risk assessment » در نشریات گروه « پزشکی »

Given the crucial role of milk and its products in human diets, it is imperative to implement effective measures to ensure the safety of milk by minimizing the presence of hazardous pollutants. This study aims to assess the concentration and potential risks associated with lead in raw milk produced in Tehran province.

This cross-sectional descriptive study involved the collection of raw milk samples from 24 diverse livestock farms in Tehran province during the winter season of 1401. The samples were analyzed for lead contamination using flame atomic absorption spectrometry. Statistical tests were applied to compare the results with international standards, and subsequent risk assessment was conducted based on the average amounts.

The study revealed that none of the samples exceeded the permissible limit for lead. The mean and standard deviation of lead concentration in the samples was 7 ± 5.8 (ppb), well below the international standard. There was no significant variation in lead levels among the tested livestock farms. The Hazard Quotient (HQ) values for both children and adults were calculated to be less than 1.

The concentration of lead in all samples remained below the permissible limits set by Codex and the Iran Standards Organization, indicating no non-carcinogenic risks associated with milk consumption in terms of lead contamination, as suggested by the calculated HQ values.

Musculoskeletal Disorders (MSDs) are among the most common occupational diseases, and ergonomics and occupational health engineering specialists need reliable and valid methods for assessing high-risk activities and the factors contributing to their occurrence.

In this cross-sectional study, 100 nurses employed at Namazi Hospital in Shiraz were randomly selected. Data was collected using a demographic/occupational questionnaire, Hierarchical Task Analysis (HTA), and the Ergonomics Screening and Prioritizing Tool (ESPT). Three observers simultaneously assessed the risk of developing MSDs for each job duty. After a six-month interval, the same observers re-evaluated the same group of nurses in the same work Postures. To assess the reliability of ESPT between and within observers, the Intra-class Correlation Coefficient (ICC) and the Kappa Multi-rater Fleiss method were used. Data analysis was conducted using SPSS software version 26.

The results of the study showed a high agreement between each observer as well as between the three observers before and after six months. The ICC for observers 1, 2, and 3 were respectively 0.951, 0.947, and 0.927, and also between each of the three observers for the first and second time respectively 0.955 and 0.941.

The ESPT has been shown to possess high reliability for assessing the risk of developing MSDs among nurses, and it can be used for this purpose.

 One of the air pollutants is Particulate Matter, and the existence of a relationship between Particulate Matter and increased mortality and respiratory diseases related to air pollution in the past decade has been proven by various epidemiological studies. The aim of this study was to investigate the risk of respiratory tract carcinogenesis by Particulate Matter with an aerodynamic diameter of less than 2.5 microns in different areas of Tehran in the 90’s decade.

 In this study, information on the concentration of Particulate Matter (PM2.5) was collected from 24 air quality control stations in Tehran, and information on the incidence of respiratory tract cancer was also extracted from the national report of the National Cancer Registry Program. Population data in 22 districts of Tehran during the studied years were prepared from Iran Statistics Center. Ethical considerations were observed in all stages of the study.

 There observed that the average annual concentration of PM2.5 in 22 areas of Tehran metropolis has exceeded the standards of the World Health Organization as well as the national standard. The highest attributable share of the incidence of respiratory tract cancer due to suspended particles (PM2.5) is related to 2013 (0.18), and the 19th district of Tehran municipality has the highest mentioned risk among other districts (0.19). In 2016, the highest incidence of respiratory tract cancer attributed to suspended particles (PM2.5) has been observed in Tehran (152), which most are related to district 4 of Tehran municipality (13).

 The results of this research showed that the increase in the concentration of Particulate Matter with an aerodynamic diameter of less than 2.5 microns and the population density in polluted areas increases the risk of respiratory tract cancer.

 The health and safety of the employees of any industry is one of the most important issues to prevent the occurrence of accidents. This study aimed to identify and assess related risks in a battery-manufacturing industry using FMEA method and estimate the ratio of the cost of accidents to prevention.

 In this descriptive and analytical study, the production activities of the industry were first identified. Then the work process, employee duties, and Potential risks were determined by the HAZID method. Evaluation and prioritization of risks were done using FMEA method. Risks whose RPN was higher than 145 were determined as important risks and the ratio of incident cost to accident prevention was calculated.

In 62 active units of this industry, 716 risks were identified and prioritized, 16 of which (2.23%) had RPN above 145 with the highest priority. The financial pulp unit with falling and fire hazards and the assembly unit with the risk of fumes and lead dust leakage with RPN 245 were among the most dangerous units and hazards identified in the industry. In all units except one unit, the ratio of the cost of accidents to prevention varied from 1.2 to 25.

 The results showed that it is necessary to consider the correction of the important risks by the industry officials, according to the set priorities so that potential accidents caused by these risks are minimized. This prioritization can play an effective role in optimal risk management and reduce related costs.

Background and Heavy metals are among the most critical contaminants in drinking water, owing to their stability and accumulation capability in living tissues and the food chain. Consequently, this study was conducted to determine the carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic risk assessment indices for heavy metals in the water sources of Torbat-e Jam City in 2023. Samples were collected from 16 groundwater sources and the surrounding soil of Torbat-e Jam City during the summer and autumn of 2023. Concentrations of five heavy metals - arsenic, mercury, lead, cadmium, and copper - were measured using a Varian atomic absorption spectrometer. Finally, the health risk levels for three different groups were calculated using indices provided by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) of the United States. The average concentrations of heavy metals in water during summer were as follows: arsenic: 0.0027 ± 0.0035 mg/L, mercury: 0.00019 ± 0.00035 mg/L, lead: 0.0011 ± 0.0023 mg/L, cadmium: 0.0002 ± 0.0002 mg/L, and copper: 0.0046 ± 0.0078 mg/L. In autumn, the concentrations were arsenic: 0.0082 ± 0.0081 mg/L, mercury: 0.0018 ± 0.0008 mg/L, lead: 0.0056 ± 0.0058 mg/L, cadmium: 0.00084 ± 0.00083 mg/L, and copper: 0.0091 ± 0.0068 mg/L. In soil, the concentrations were arsenic: 0.011 ± 0.053 mg/L, mercury: 0.0086 ± 0.0068 mg/L, lead: 0.131 ± 0.186 mg/L, cadmium: 0.0002 ± 0.00047 mg/L, and copper: 0.12 ± 0.24 mg/L. The study found the non-carcinogenic risk levels of the examined heavy metals to be low. However, the carcinogenic risk level for arsenic was very high in both seasons, for cadmium was moderate in autumn, and for the other elements, it was within the standard limits. Given the high carcinogenic risk of arsenic for women, men, and children in both summer and autumn, continuous monitoring of arsenic levels should be a priority for regulatory agencies.

Steel erection is known as one of the most hazardous construction activities. From an occupational health and safety perspective, this process carries high risk. Therefore, this study aims to conduct a qualitative risk analysis of steel structure assembly and model it using the Functional Resonance Analysis Method (FRAM).

In this cross-sectional study, the construction site of a high-rise building steel structure was first visited to identify the main processes involved. Then, semi-structured and open-ended interviews were conducted with 33 workers partaking in this process. Data from the interviews and process identification were entered into FRAM Model Visualiser (FMV) software to investigate and model complex relationships and interactions between daily tasks.

Of the 19 major system component functions identified, four functions had potential instability and defects due to complex human, organizational, and technological function interactions. By intensifying the FRAM graphic model, risks may be imposed on the system if the interactions of these four functions are neglected. These include coordination with the experienced rigger, preparation of the tower crane, attachment of parts at the installation site, and execution of the rescue rope.

The findings demonstrate that conducting qualitative risk assessment and modeling the steel frame construction process using FRAM allows for an in-depth understanding of nonlinear conditions and dynamics resulting from escalating technical-social interactions. This approach enables a comprehensive analysis of system safety status.

The accurate evaluation of error probability and risk is important. Accordingly, this Comparative study was conducted to evaluate the risk of human error in emergency situations using SLIM and Fuzzy SLIM techniques in fierfighting tasks.

This cross-sectional and descriptive-analytical study was conducted among 12, using Fuzzy SLIM and SLIM techniques. 39 sub-tasks were studied in 4 phases (Awareness, Evaluation, Egress and Recovery). Considering the advantages of the Fuzzy SLIM method, fuzzy logic was used in weighting of performance shaping factors (PSF). Excel software was used to calculate the probability of error. Also, correlation and kappa statistical tests were used for data analysis in SPSS software.

The mean and standard deviation of human error probability in different sub-tasks of firefighting in SLIM and Fuzzy SLIM methods were 0.095357 ± 0.026193 and 0.06490 ± 0.051748, respectivly. In 48.7 percent of the sub-tasks, the probability category of human error and the assessed risk were the same; however, in 89.7 percent of the sub-tasks, the estimated level of risk was the same in both methods. Correlation test showed that the correlation coefficient of error probability values between the two methods was 0.32, which indicated a moderate correlation in this regard. Additionally, the results of kappa statistical test for the estimated level of risk showed that there is a high agreement between Fuzzy SLIM and SLIM (P value <0.05).

The results of the study indicated meaningful agreement and a moderate correlation between Fuzzy SLIM and SLIM. Therefore, due to the relatively high accuracy of Fuzzy logic methods, and also the long steps of implementing the SLIM method, the Fuzzy SLIM method can be a good alternative to this method.

Improving the safety of working environments is one of the duties of any efficient system. Evaluating the risk of hazards is one of the most efficient ways to increase safety issues. Paying attention to the statistics of laboratory accidents and the positive effects of risk assessment to improve safety is of great importance. 

In this cross-sectional study, we evaluated the laboratories of Shahid Sadoqhi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, using a quantitative three-dimensional cost equation. Based on the regular observation of existing processes and equipment, the evaluation team used a quantitative risk equation as an indication of safety performance at the level of laboratories. The ranking was based on the probability of risk, the frequency of exposure, and the maximum damage potential through a quantitative equation. Finally, the risk score of each laboratory was determined, and the ranking of the risk level of the laboratories was announced. Corrective solutions were suggested, and the evaluation was repeated. The data was entered into the SPSS 20 software and interpreted using descriptive and analytical statistics. 

In general, 52% of the risks identified in laboratories are at a low-risk level. The highest and lowest average evaluation scores were 55.86 ± 30.89 for environmental chemistry and 28.38 ± 13.51 for food safety and health research laboratory, respectively. The highest evaluation score was for the environment laboratory. There was a significant relationship between the risk components before and after providing the suggested solutions. According to the results of the research, the overall safety status of the educational laboratories in the Faculty of Health is at a relatively favorable level. However, chemical hazards and thermal safety are the highest priority to control and perform better regarding improvement.

Assessment of disease risk with the ultimatevaim of implementing preventive strategies in the workplace is a necessity. This study was conducted to assess the risk of COVID-19 in hospital occupational groups in Saghez city, Iran.

This cross-sectional study was conducted in 2021 among three hospital occupational groups (total sample size = 300) in Saghez city, Iran, including physicians and nurses, as well as laboratory, administrative, financial, radiology and general service personnel, using the COVID-19 rapid risk analysis technique. Data were collected using a valid questionnaire based on the Likert scale and analysed (to determine acceptable, tolerable and intolerable risks) using the descriptive and inferential methods, the software used being SPSS-26.

As regards the probability variable, the highest probability of occurrence of COVID-19 was related to the general service and administrative-financial occupational groups with an average of 1.6 and 1.5, respectively. The level of attitude was generally good and excellent. The analysis of the severity of the outcome variable was at a critical level in the physicians group (42.5) and at a catastrophic level in the other groups. In total, all occupations were rated at an unacceptable risk level (H), the general service and administrative-financial occupational groups being at a higher risk than other groups. There were statistically significant differences between the types of occupation on the one hand and the variables studied, as well as the individual characteristics and COVID-19 morbidity on the other hand.

Considering the high risk of occurrence of COVID-19 among the hospital professionals it is essential to develop and implement plans aiming at preventing and reducing the disease risk in them.

The main index in resilience engineering is the management commitment index. In this study, a semi-quantitative risk assessment method based on the fuzzy hierarchical analysis method for management commitment index was implemented in evaluating the resilience level of two selected hospitals.

At first, evaluation tools including a 17-question hierarchical analysis questionnaire, a 4-question management commitment risk assessment form and a 2-question integrated management commitment risk assessment form with safety, health and environment were designed and their validity was determined. became. Then they were distributed in two hospitals of Al-Ghadir Tabriz and Khatam Al-Anbia Bandar Abbas affiliated to Faraja and were analyzed with relevant statistical methods.

In the evaluation of the fuzzy hierarchical analysis questionnaire, it was found that the level of resilience has increased from 15.25 in 2018 to 36.37 in 2019. Also, the level of social readiness, sharing and resiliency risk in the two investigated hospitals were 0.97, 0.17, 0.03, 0.96, 0.11 and 0.04, respectively. Also, the cumulative readiness value of management commitment based on safety, health and environment of these two hospitals was 0.81 and 0.74, respectively.

Based on these results, it is suggested that the selected hospitals focus on the effective parameters introduced in the evaluation tools of this study in order to increase the resilience level of these centers.

Anesthesiology experts are exposed to significant risks due to advancements in anesthesia techniques and surgery, as well as the emergence of modern equipment and newer drugs, along with increased responsibilities and expectations. Therefore, the present study was conducted with the aim of providing a model for assessing the risks and hazards existing in this profession.

Initially, various sources, including interviews with experts and reviews of articles, were used to extract occupational risks in the field of nurse anesthetist. Subsequently, the study criteria, including consequence, probability, and exposure, were determined, and the weighting of these criteria was calculated using AHP.Finally, the prioritization of different risks was determined using CoCoSo.

Based on the results of determining the weights of criteria using the AHP, it was identified that the consequence with a weight of 0.43 is the most important criterion, while the exposure criterion with a weight of 0.27 is the least important criterion in this study. Also, among the investigated risks, inhaling anesthetic gases while wearing a mask, filling a vaporizer(R5) was selected as the most dangerous risk, followed by skin contact with scrubs or blood, patient's secretions or infected tissues(R1), needle sticking during venipuncture,patient's spinal anesthesia(R12), which were selected as the second and third most dangerous risks in anesthesiology experts job, respectively.

In this study it was established that the proposed method can be used for risk assessment and prioritization of occupational hazards in the job of a nurse anesthetist as well as other professions