جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « Imamayn Askariyain (a.s) » در نشریات گروه « معارف اسلامی و علوم قرآنی »

Samarra’, the center of Salahuddin province, is a religious city of Iraq in which Imam Hadi (a.s) and Imam Hasan Askari (a.s) have been entombed. This city had great population and importance in the era of Abbasid Caliphate while it had been considered politically as the capital city of Abbasid government. Due to the presence of the shrine of Imamayn Askariyain (a.s) and the Sardab e Ghaybat (cellar of disappearance), great incidents have been occurred in this city throughout the history whereas this city was always the hub of attention of Muslim scholars due to the graves, life and teaching places of the great Maraje’-e-Taqleed in this city, like Mirza Sherazi; who gave the Fatwa of forbiddance of tobacco and who was the father of public uprising in 1920 against the colonialism of England and due to the geographical presence of Samarra` however from past to now, there are important information present in the Islamic writings especially in Arabic texts about this city which can be the guide for researchers.
This article has grouped the Arabic texts which are written about Samarra’ or which contain some kind of information about this city in four sections; the history books, journals, geography books and the travelogues, whereas it presents this along with important matters from some of these texts to the researchers.

Abbasids came on the caliphate in second century after Hijrah while the Iranians had noticeable presence in the axis of power in the era of Mamoon; but the Turks gradually gained their influence in government, in the period of Mu`tasim though a serious hazard was threatening the Abbasid caliphs from their side. In this era, due to inadequacy of caliphs and the prevalence of corruption and bribery in government, the social gap and powerty was pervasive among the people.
In that period of time, Mutawakkil adopted the policy of favouring Ahlulhadith and suppressing the Mutazillahs and Shias while the result of this change in government's approach became in the form of authoring several traditional encyclopedias and Sahihs of Alussunnah. Abbasids used to put the Imamayn Askariyain (a.s) in an impasse state using the measures like house-arrest and appointing the spies on them to prevent Ahlulbayt (a.s) from gaining power.
The Shia Imams (a.s) also used to stand against the deviational thoughts to protect the religion and the persistence of Imamah while they also acted according to their responsibilies by providing the influence to their companions in governing structure, supporting various popular uprsisings and likewise by taking benefit from the formation of attornies and providing grounds for the times of Ghaybah.
This article describes the attitude of Imamayn Askariyain (a.s) towards the then current situation meanwhile depicting the social and cogitative situation of the society of their times.

Samarra’ is one of the sacred cities of the Islamic world which hosts the shrines of two infallible Imams (a.s) in it while Imam Mahdi (a.s) also opened his eyes in this land. This city, which had been built in the era of Abbasid government while the capital was also shifted to this city, was always the hub of attention of Muslim scholars whereas in some of the last centuries the name and signs of Samarra’ is being seen in the writings of the orientalists and the western tourists.
There it is pointed towards the topics like the time of construction, appellation of Samarra’ and its Persian background in the writings of western orientalists whereas there is also mentioned about the art of construction adapted from the ancient Iraq, the Irani art of construction, Indian and Hilini in this city. The shrine of Imamain Askariyain (a.s), Josaq Khakani, mosques, the homes of city and also the tomb of three caliphs under the Crusade Dome have been mentioned, whereas the Abbasid’s era is considered as one of the most glorious eras of Islamic art.
In these books, the events passed on the caliphs of Samarra’, the entombed Imams (a.s) in this city, Imam Zaman (a.s) and his representatives and the events passed in throughout history of this city, are also mentioned, whereas in this writing some of these books and their authors have also been introduced briefly.

Samarra’ is a city of pilgrimage in Iraq which was constructed in third century after Hijrah by Mu`tasim Abbasi whereas it was chosen as the capital city of the Abbasid Caliphate. As the holy shrines of the tenth and eleventh Imams (a.s) of Shia is present in this city and the twelveth Imam (a.s) also came in this world and gone away from the sights in the same city; Samarra’ has become the destination of pilgrimage for Shias from a long time ago. In addition to Shias, Sunnis also used to travel to this city for the purpose of pilgrimage. As well as some europian road travelers to Iran have also passed through this city and written down some of the architectural features and habitudes and customs of the people of this city.
Whatever has been transmitted about this city in travelogues is about the roads of Samarra’, description of the city and the culture of its Sunni residents, the holy Shrine of Imamayn Askariyain (a.s), the celler and the well of disappearance, the habitudes of Ziyarah and the description of meetings with Marajeh and the elders of this city. Some others have also pointed towards the hardships and difficulties of this journey.
This article is a reflection of the observations of the travelers who had stayed in Samarra’ for a considerable period of time or have passed through this city whereas it presents whatever transmitted in their travelogues to the readers, with reference to their subjects.

“Sheikh-ul-Qummiyyein” (the scholar of Qom) Ahmad-ibne-Ishaq Qummi is one of the Arab Shias who grew up in the peak times of the theological religion of Shia in Shia city of Qom whereas he is considered one of the prominent Shia Muhaddithan (the transmitters of traditions) and Mutakalliman (theologists) of this city. He was the companion of four infallible Imam (a.s) whereas he also had the charge of deputation from Imam Hasan Askari (a.s) and the trusteeship of Aoqaf (religious endowments) of Qom while in the times of Minor Occultation, he focused on guiding, educating, writing, enlightening, answering the questions of faith, managing the public affairs and awakening hope among Shias.
The heritage of Ahmad-ibne-Ishaq in the School of Qom is described as that he used to rely on the trend of Hadith Girai (Traditionalism) whereas he was considered as one of the intellectual bases of Shias in second century AH. The brightest points about the theological heritage of “Sheikh-ul-Qummiyyein” are as rejection of the idea of seeing Allah, proving the belief of Imamat and the necessity, existence, conditions and the attributes of Imam.
The name of Ibne-Ishaq has been transmitted in the Sanad (transmission chain) of tens of traditions whereas the experts of Rijal (study of the people who transmitted hadith reports) have enumerated three books for him. Likewise due to his being reference to religious questions, he was one of those who used to receive the Tawqe`aat (the written answers with personal stamp of the Imam of the Times (a.s)) of Hazrat Mahdi (a.s) through the Nawab (one of the four vicegerents of the Imam of the Times (a.s) during the period of his minor occultation).
This article, meanwhile the introduction of the scientific character of Ahmad-ibne-Ishaq Qummi, describes the theological heritage of this great Shia Muhaddith and Mutakallim of the times of Imamayn Askariyain (a.s).

“Haram” (the holy shrine) is a piece of skies which lies upon the Earth or it is a part of the soil of heavens which has been placed in front of the eyes of human beings to sanctify this world. The place where human beings take shelter to become heavenly and blessed and so they calm down their tired hearts. The holy shrine of Imamayn Askariyain (a.s) had been ruined by the wicked and ignorant people whereas the manufacturing work of their new Zareih has been started by the order of Great Ayatullah Siyastani in the city of Kareemah-e-Ahlulbayt (a.s) while the artists from Qom, Tehran, Isfahan, Sheraz and other points have denoted their efforts to build this illuminating Zareih, not with these worldly hands but with the heavenly hearts.
All the artists; carpenter, engraver, tier, inlaid maker, straighteners, enamel worker and calligrapher; they have gave, not the hands in hands, but hearts with hearts together to build a piece of heavens on the Earth. They have built a heavenly product with worldly materials like wood, copper, silver, gold, ivory and the bone of camel so that the indigent and trivial thing may reach the doorstep of the holy friend.
This article is a kind of report of the steps of construction of the holy Zareih of Imamayn Askariyain (a.s) in the city of Qom from the 1389 solar year after Hijrah to 1393, which will Insha Allah be mounted in the city of Samarra’ soon.