مقالات رزومه زهرا محمدی محمدیه

The relation between virtue, intuitive knowledge, and goodness is one of the basic pivots of philosophy of ethics. The kind of outlook on this relation would naturally lead to some outcomes concerning scientism or pragmatism or adopting a third viewpoint. In this field, Plato – the great Greek philosopher – and Mullah Sadra – the great thinker of Islamic philosophy – both have an exclusive outlook about virtue, which confirms a close relation between ethics, epistemology, and ontology. While studying the philosophical principles of Plato (including the idea theory) and Mulla Sadra (including the analogical gradation of existence as well as a specific perspective on soul and its ontogenetic motion) and with the use of an analytical-descriptive method, this research is intended to express the similarities and correspondence of their opinions and explore and analyze the differences existing in this respect. By expounding the notion of virtue and structural analytical of opinions as well as noticing the different philosophical principles of the two thinkers, one can find out the existential identity of intuitive knowledge, virtue, and goodness. The unity of the above three categories would be with an emphasis on the centrality of intuitive knowledge and its conceptual command on virtue and goodness; in such a way that the actualization of intuitive knowledge means attaining virtue and appearance of goodness.

Plato and Mulla Sadrā have never used the terms opinions but we may conceptualize symbolism in the ground of their philosophical thoughts with platonic and Mulla Sadrā's views based on narrative principle and with respect to their philosophical foundations. Based on the significance of ideology theory and quality of Plato's intended imaginations, it may be concluded that a symbol is in imperative thought which has got a kind of specific resemblance based on "enjoyment" relation from the transcendent reality of narration. Pondering upon the quality of narration emanated from Mulla Sadrā's philosophical views, a symbol may be considered as an issue which is narrated from a symbolized issue as its reason and a is regarded as a companion identity and a real shadow-like similarity of its imaginations. Utilizing a philosophical analysis method for explaining the nature of symbol in these philosophers' views, a new reading to the position of art in their philosophical system is presented which is based on the analysis of their ideology to the nature of symbolism and is based on a kind of separation in arts according to their imaginations as (non)-symbolic. Such a reading could be considered as the basis for influential art in the epistemic elevation. A symbolistic analysis of these two philosophers' thoughts shows that while their intellectual foundations diverge from each other, there is convergence in their views on symbolism and its expansion in the area of art which depicts a kind of development from the philosophical dimension to the position of art.

Plato in his philosophy school offers a special system for universe based on relationship between shadow or photograph and the true being. In this way, he talks about a transcendental being that is the origin of Good (God in his philosophical system) and is beyond existence. By paying attention to position of the origin of the Good in the universe and analyzing the quality of "benefitting" it becomes clear that true existence is confined to it and the other beings are only reflections and shadows of it so that we cannot consider any independence for other beings even "the ideas" and therefore, Plato's ontology circles around a single truth. Mullah Sadra also by offering his final theory "personal pantheism" confines beings to one single being (God) and considers the other beings as His manifestations, since multiplicity of the appearances does not contradict unity of the truth. The present paper tries to discover the similarities and differences of Plato and Mullah Sadra's approach to the true existence based on their different anthological ideas.

Plato on the basis of his unifier viewpoint offered the theory of Idea and other cosmological related to creation and the chain and arrangement of beings. He also placed the principal of Goodness in the climax of the pyramid of his ontology، and by which tried to refer the plurality of beings to oneness. On the other hand، Mulla Sadra by his philosophical and religious principals and on the basis on his unifier viewpoint offered his first ontological theory (i. e. Tashkiki unity of being) and the ultimate one (i. e. personal unity of being). As a result، he also tried to explain the quality of manifold beings by reference to oneness. Despite the thought differences of the two philosophers in the field which based is based on their philosophical foundations، both return manifold beings to unity، so that they regard manifold beings as shadows of a transcendent unity. Ontology in Plato''s thought corresponds with Mulla Sadra''s first theory (i. e. Tashkiki unity of being).