a. moghadam

Nowadays on the one hand improving the performance of asphalt mixtures is a necessity and on the other hand disposal of steel slag and plastic containers causes serious environmental problems. Therefore, in this study the effect of two waste materials on enhancing creep performance of Stone Mastic Asphalt (SMA) mixture was investigated; In order to thoroughly investigate the impact of Polyethylene terephthalate (PET) modification, specimens with three percentages of PET (3,5 and 7) in two forms (PET particles and PET fibers) were prepared. It was found that cumulative permanent strain was the lowest for specimens modified with 5 percent PET followed by 7 and 3 percent, respectively; Furthermore, adding PET in the form of fiber is more effective. With increase in stress and temperature, differences between creep performance of modified and unmodified samples were more prone. Based on average damage ratios, slag samples with 5 percent PET fiber (S-5P-F) were 70 percent less damaging.

In this study, the pattern of gene expression (PR1, NCED and SPR2) was considered as informative markers of systemic resistance, and positive beta-amino-butyric acid (BABA) effects was investigated on induction of resistance in Lycopersicon esclentum Mill.  L. esclentum (Tomato) cv. Hungarian was selected in the four-leaved stage. For each pot, 70 ml of a 250 mM BABA solution was prepared and sprayed on plant leaves. The treated pots were kept under controlled conditions (16 h light at 30 ° C and 8 h darkness at 25 ° C) for 2 days, before the bacteria were induced. After two days, the bacteria were inoculated. The total RNA from leaves was extracted at 0, 24, 72, and 96 h after inoculation. The cDNA was synthesized and the gene expression pattern was determined by RT-PCR method. The level of expression of three defense-related genes (PR1, NCED and SPR2) increases as a result of bacterial contamination. However, pre-treatment with BABA resulted in a significant increase of resistance gene expression in response to the challenge of pathogen relative to the control plant and the apparent symptoms of the disease (As roundish and irregular spots up to brown and black with chlorosis) causing damage to tomatoes. Pre-treatment of the plant with BABA has enhanced the plant's defense system, and has shown the extreme effect of BABA on plant resistance. As a result, this indictor can be used to control a P. syringae pv. syring in tomatoes

Short-term yield trials are the methods for selection of high yielding cultivars that conducted over a range of environments. In multi years and/or multi locational trials, GE interaction may be ignored and selection may have been done just based on mean yield. Different stability analysis methods have been introduced for determination of stable genotypes. The objectives of this study are to determine rank-correlation coefficients among several stability statistics in order to compare their efficiency in studying GE interaction in short-term trials. Three sets of maize hybrids were evaluated in the short-tern yield trials. Set 1 (T1) included 7 early-maturing hybrids grown in 6 environments, set 2 (T2) included 9 very early-maturing hybrids grown in 6 environments, and set 3 (T3) included 14 late and medium-maturing hybrids grown in 5 environments. The rank-correlation coefficients among bi' CVi and S2xi were high and significant. The rank-correlation coefficient between Wi and ?i2 was 1 in all of the sets which according to other researchers' results, use one of them preferably ?i2, is recommended. Also high rank-correlation coefficients were found among ?i2, S2di and Si2 High and consistent rank-correlation coefficients between YSi and RSM with mean grain yield indicated that the use of simultaneous selection criteria result the selection of stable and high yielding hybrids.