فهرست مطالب a. salahi

Water allocation needs to adhere to the principles of efficiency, equity, and sustainability, but, equity usually is less considered. Foumanat irrigation area with five command areas is one of the three areas of Sefidroud irrigation and drainage network that more than 90% of it is covered by paddy fields. Since water plays a key role in paddy fields, the lack of uniform distribution of water resources throughout the irrigation area during the rice cultivation period causes irrigation water scarcity and severe damage to some irrigation areas. In this study, the equity of groundwater withdrawal and the received surface water from Sefidroud irrigation and drainage canals according to the shared water resources among Foumanat’s command areas were evaluated using the Gini coefficient. Therefore, a water allocation optimization model was developed to maximize the equity in the allocation of groundwater and surface water of canals according to the minimum current economic benefit in the command areas. The results showed that in optimum conditions, the equity of groundwater and surface water resources allocation was increased by 46.3% and 43.7%, respectively. The evaluation of the optimal allocation of available water resources also showed that the amounts of groundwater withdrawal and the received surface water from canals are distributed equally among command areas.

Manuscripts are the unknown treasures and cultural reserves of any nations, which the main tasks of researchers and scholars are to try to identify and study these works.One of these enduring heritags is the historical-religious epic of Delgoshanameh, which was composed by Mirza Arjmand Azad Kashmiri , on the subject of Mukhtar Uprising in the first half of the twelfth century A.H. in Motagareb rhythm in 15450 verses.In this article, we have introduced the work and studied the stylistic style of Delgoshanameh from the linguistic, literary and intellectual perspectives.

The present research is a theoretical study that has been done by library method and descriptive-analytical method. The study area and population is a manuscript of Delgoshanameh that is available in libraries in Iran and the world.

The content of this work has the characteristics of Khorasani style such as: old words and compounds, the use of verbs in the ancient form, the use of literary arrays, singular and sensory similes, understandable allusions, and so on. With initiative and innovation in using novel and expressive techniques, having some relatively original linguistic and literary features and extensive use of epic words and combinations, the poet has been able to use linguistic possibilities in the service of religious ideas and the subject of epic work.

The results of the research show that 《Azad》 has shown with great taste in composing this work and has been successful in following the poets of her predecessors, especially Ferdowsi, Saadi and Nezami.The choice of Motagareb rhthym in this work, due to the many long syllables and ending in the culprit, has brought it closer to the epic language style. The description of battlefield heroes, imaginative exaggerations, and transcendence of habits and virtues is quite evident in this poem. Bringing of Saghi letters and legal and lyrical terms has caused the combination of Ghanaian or epic language in parts of this poem.

Each year، 10 million people are faced with cancer and about 6 million of them die throughout the world. This study aimed at investigating the geographical distribution of cancer and its environmental risk factors in Iran.

The present study was mapping the available data collected from the reports of Iranian Center for Disease Control (Cancer Bureau) regarding the frequency of 10 common cancers (stomach، esophageal، colorectal، bladder، lung، CNS، lymphoma، prostate، ovarian، and breast) as their age-standardized incidence rate (ASR) for each province in between 2005 and 2006 using ArcGIS 9. 3. The published information about environmental risk factors was also gathered based on reviewing available public sources of digital databases including Scopus، Pubmed and Persian sources of IranMedex، Iran DOC، SID، and magiran، as well as through hand searching of books and manuals using keywords.

Geographically، the incidence of certain cancers varied in different regions of Iran. Between 2005 and 2006، the estimated ASR of cancers was 102. 4 and 117. 3 per 100،000 among females and males، respectively. The ASR of cancer was higher in the north than in the south of Iran. This difference is possibly due to the methods of registry and difference in the site. Lifestyle، infectious agents، environmental exposures، and constitutional factors are risk factors that have been attributed to certain types of cancer.

Development، establishment، and implementation of Comprehensive National Cancer Control Program should be the first priority for health policy-makers. Given its nationwide distribution، Iranian Army can provide substantial assistance in collection and analysis of data on cancer in case of access to a record and control system of cancer.

Oily wastewaters and oil-in-water emulsions are two major environmental pollutants. However, industrial oily wastewaters, though they may be lower in volume, contain much higher concentrations of pollutants. Treatment of the oily and greasy wastewater of Tehran refinery was experimentally studied using an ultrafiltration (UF) system. In the experiments, a UF membrane Polysulfone (PS) 30 kDa and sample from Tehran refineryoutlet wastewater of the API unit were used as feed. Effects of different operating parameters such as transmembrane pressure (TMP), cross flow velocity (CFV), and temperature on permeation flux, fouling resistance and UF rejection were studied. According to the results, permeation flux was found to improve with increasing TMP, CFV and temperature at constant feed concentration. Fouling of the membrane completely follows Hermia’s model (filtration cake mechanism). Analysis of the UF process showed 99.2, 75.4, 63.3, 42.3, 23.1, 100 and 97.9 % decreases in oil and grease content, total organic carbon (TOC), chemical oxygen demand (COD), biological oxygen demand (BOD5), total dissolved solids (TDS), total suspended solids (TSS) and turbidity, respectively. A comparison of the results shows that UF performs better than conventional biologicalmethods. The results showed that refinery wastewater treatment by using UF process is possible. The obtained UF permeates are suitable to discharge into the environment, even in the special regions in accordance with international requirements.