a. sharafi

In this article, a numerical investigation of the effect of simultaneous suction and blowing on an airfoil is studied to reduce the separation bubble. This investigation was done at Re=8.5×106 and the simulations are done by commercial Fluent software. First, the suction and blowing systems are used at different blowing and suction angles (30, 45 and 90 degrees) along with their location (distance ratio 0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.6, 0.7 and 0.8) were investigated. In this study, the ratio of lift to drag, pressure coefficient, velocity and pressure contours were compared in different cases compared to the one with no slot, and finally the best state was determined. The results of this study showed that the suction on the leading edge and blowing on the tailing edge can improve the aerodynamic performance of the airfoil at an angle of attack of 17 degree. The best performance was the blowing at a distance ratio of 0.6C and suction at 0.1C, which increased the lift-to-drag ratio by 55%. Compared to the one without any slot.

Ribwort plantain (Plantago lanceolata L.), which belongs to the Plantaginaceae family, has been widely used as a herbal plant in traditional medicine across the globe. The present study aimed to investigate the biologically active substances of P. lanceolata root fractions, as well as the cytotoxic and antibacterial activities of extracts. The cytotoxic activity of ethyl acetate, dichloromethane, and n-butanol extracts of P. lanceolata root was evaluated by MTT (3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5 diphenyl tetrazolium bromide) assay. The P.lanceolata root extracts were also evaluated on gram-positive and negative bacteria by disc diffusion and microtiter broth dilution methods. The phytochemical content was also examined by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The P.lanceolata root extracts were cytotoxic; IC50 values against HCT-116 at 72 h were 168.553 μg/mL, 167.458 μg/mL, and 205.004 μg/mL for ethyl acetate, dichloromethane, and n-butanol root extracts, respectively. The dichloromethane extract of P. lanceolata root had the highest inhibitory effect against S. paratyphi (14.00±1.0 mm) at the concentration of 100 mg/mL. The minimum MIC and MBC (5 and 15 mg/mL) were observed for dichloromethane extract of P. lanceolata root against S. paratyphi. The main composition of ethyl acetate extract was 1,2-Benzenedicarboxylic acid and mono(2-ethylhexyl) ester (60.93%). The major compositions in dichloromethane and n-butanol extracts were 1,2-Benzenedicarboxylic acid, mono(2-ethylhexyl) ester (60.64%) and 2-Methyl-1-butanol (.+/-.)- (17.85%). As evidenced by the results of the present research, P. lanceolata extracts are a significant source of bioactive metabolites. Therefore, they can play a prominent role in the production of pharmaceutical materials.

In this research, the effect of several unconventional obstructions with cubic, spherical, cylindrical, and cone geometries on the propulsion vector of a convergent-divergent micro nozzle as a new method in propulsion vector control is experimentally investigated. For this purpose, a convergent-divergent nozzle was designed and constructed in small dimensions. This nozzle is such that the Mach number is its nominal output in full expansion conditions 2. The wall of this nozzle is designed to measure pressure variations with pressure holes. Also, in the nozzle wall, a duct has been created to apply a bulge inside the nozzle. Pressure sensors and the shadograph system have been used to pressure measurement and check the outlet flow field respectively. The total pressure of the calming chamber is constant in all experiments and is equal to 5.5 times. The results of this study show that the maximum deviation is related to an obstruction with a cubic geometry which is 2.1 degrees. Also, the geometries that have sharp corners are more shock-shaped and hit the opposite wall. In this research, the shock formed by a cubic barrier has hit the opposite wall, but with a spherical shaped and cone-shaped barrier, the shock comes out from the nozzle. Also, these results indicate that the axial force of the nozzle has been reduced to a very small extent.

Hydroxyl terminated polybutadiene (HTPB) is the most commonly used binder in composite solid propellants. However, due to its non-energetic characteristic, it is recognized as a dead weight in practice. Therefore, replacing HTPB with an energetic polymer is essential. In this research,
nitrated hydroxyl terminated polybutadiene resin (NHTPB) with 12.2% nitration rate, in combination with HTPB resin was used as binder . Thus, the HTPB propellant base formulation (HB) was prepared as a reference sample and its physical-mechanical properties, burning rate, and sensitivity were compared with two other cured formulations: the propellant formulation with binder ratio of 5% NHTPB and 95% HTPB (NH5) and the other with binder ratio of 10% NHTPB and 90% HTPB (NH 10). The results showed that, with increasing NHTPB to HTPB ratio from 5% to 10%, Young's modulus, burning rate, impact, and friction sensitivities were increased in comparison to reference propellant. In addition, the cross-linking density, hardness, and tension were decreased

PET/CT imaging using [18F]-FDG is utilized in clinical oncology for tumor detecting, staging and responding to therapy procedures. Essential consideration must be taken for radiation staff due to high gamma radiation in PET/CT and cyclotron center. The aim of this study was to assess the staff exposure regarding whole body and organ dose and to evaluate environment dose in PET/CT and cyclotron center.
80 patients participated in this study. Thermoluminescence, electronic personal dosimeter and Geiger–Muller dosimeter were also utilized for measurement purpose.
The mean annual equivalent organ dose for scanning operator with regard to lens of eyes, thyroid, breast and finger according to mean±SD value, were 0.262±0.044, 0.256±0.046, 0.257±0.040 and 0.316±0.118, respectively. The maximum and minimum estimated annual whole body doses were observed for injector and the chemist group with values of (3.98±0.021) mSv/yr and (1.64±0.014) mSv/yr, respectively. The observed dose rates were 5.67 µSv/h in uptake room at the distance of 0.5 meter from the patient whereas the value 4.94 and 3.08 µSv/h were recorded close to patient’s head in PET/CT room and 3.5 meter from the reception desk.
In this study, the injector staff and scanning operator received the first high level and second high level of radiation. This study confirmed that low levels of radiation dose were received by all radiation staff during PET/CT procedure using 18F-FDG due to efficient shielding and using trained radiation staff in PET/CT and cyclotron center of Masih Daneshvari hospital.

Various species of Satureja genus are growing in different regions of Iran. The drought stress is one of the most unfavorable factors for plant establishment and growth in main parts of the Iran. Germination and emergence of the most plants is affected by environmental stresses including drought and disturbed evnironments. One way to improve seeds and seedlings to cope with stress is seed priming. This research was conducted in order to study the effects of osmo and hydro priming at different temperatures on improving seed and seedling performance of Satureja khuzestanica Jamzad under drought stress conditions. A greenhouse research was carried out as a factorial experiment on the base of a randomized completely block design with three factors and four replications. The factors were including drought stress (50% and 25% of field capacity) with control (75% of FC), osmotic potential of priming (0, -4, -8 bar using PEG 6000) and priming temperatures (15 and 25 ºC). The percentage and rate of emergence, seedling fresh and dry weights, seedling height, vigor index, and leaf area decreased by increasing drought stress but the essential oil content and root length increased. The highest percentage of essential oil observed under 25% FC. Interaction of drought stress and osmotic potential of priming solution was significant on percentage and rate of emergence and vigor index. The interaction of priming temperatures and osmotic potential of priming was significant on the percentage and rate of emergence, vigor index, and shoot dry weight. Hydro-priming at 15 ºC had the most positive effect on the percentage and rate of emergence, fresh and dry weight of seedling, root length, plant height, leaf area, and vigor index. Overall, seed quality was better when priming temperature was lower (15 ºC).

Many Nepeta species have been commonly used in Iranian folk medicine as tranquilizer, relaxant, carminative and restorative tonic for nervous and respiratory disorders. Inflammation is a problem in many diseases and has an important role in brain function that can cause neurodegenerative disorders. Inflamed glial cells can exacerbate neurodegenerative diseases by producing neurotoxins. In the present study, the anti-inflammatory effects of essential oil, aerial parts and hairy roots extracts of Nepeta pogonosperma Jamzad & Assadi have been evaluated on rat brain mixed cells.

Inflamed mixed glial cells from rats’ brains were treated with different concentrations of essential oil and extracts from aerial parts and hairy roots of Nepeta pogonosperma to evaluate their anti-inflammatory effects. No level as the indicator for inflammation was measured.

The results revealed that 0.5 µL/mL of the essential oil reduced NO production significantly. In addition, some hairy root extract concentrations led to reduce it, although the extract of the aerial parts of the plant did not affect NO production.

This research has confirmed the anti-inflammatory potential of essential oil and hairy root extract of Nepeta pogonosperma on rat brain mixed cells.

WHO recommends artemisinin-based combination therapies (ACTs) as the most effective choice to treat malaria. For developing transgenic plants with high accumulation of artemisinin (by introducing genes encoding enzymes which regulate the biosynthetic pathway of artemisinin), an efficient protocol for tissue culture and plant regeneration is necessary. In the present study, leaf explants of Artemisia sieberi were cultivated in Murashige & Skoog based medium supplemented by combination of different plant growth regulators including 6-benzyl-aminopurine (BA), α-naphthalene-acetic acid (NAA), indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), picloram (Pic) and 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D). The highest frequency of shoot induction was obtained on MS medium supplemented with 2 mg/L BA plus 0.05 mg/L NAA (95% regeneration) and MS medium supplemented with 2 mg/L BA plus 0.5 mg/L IAA (85% regeneration). Rooting was obtained on MS medium supplemented with 0.05 mg/L NAA. The present study has revealed a simple, reliable, rapid and high efficient regeneration system for A. sieberi Besser as a source of artemisinin in short period via adventitious shoot induction procedure.