abhishek singh

In this article, we introduce a novel approach by presenting separate ratio and regression estimators in the context of neutrosophic stratified sampling for the very first time, incorporating auxiliary variables. We have conducted a thorough analysis to estimate these newly proposed estimators' bias and Mean Square Error (MSE) up to the first-order approximation. Theoretically using efficiency comparison criteria, our findings demonstrate the superior performance of these estimators compared to traditional unbiased estimators. Also, numerically based on real-life and artificial data, we have shown the supremacy of the neutrosophic stratified sampling over neutrosophic simple random sampling along with the supremacy of our proposed neutrosophic separate stratified estimators over neutrosophic stratified unbiased estimator. Moreover, our research highlights the enhanced reliability of neutrosophic stratified estimators when contrasted with classical stratified estimators.

Nanotechnology has advanced over the past 40 years and shows no signs of slowing down. With the development of functional and designed nanoparticles, nanotechnology has emerged as a prominent field in science. With the aid of nanoparticles, food products may have a much longer shelf life, hydrophobic drug distribution can be improved within cells, and the effectiveness of certain treatments, such as anticancer agents, can be increased. Nanoparticles (NPs) are materials with a size range of 1 to 100 nm. The key factors that determine the properties of nanoparticles (NPs) are their sizes and shapes. Because of their large surface area and nanoscale size, NPs have special physical and chemical properties. Hazardous reducing agents are commonly used to reduce metal ions into uncharged nanoparticles during their synthesis. Nonetheless, there have been several attempts in recent years to develop green technology that makes nanoparticles using natural resources rather than hazardous chemicals. Because biological approaches are simple, inexpensive, safe, clean, and extremely productive, they are employed in green synthesis to synthesize nanoparticles (NPs). These biosynthesized nanoparticles have a wide range of potential uses, including targeted drug delivery, DNA analysis and gene therapy, cancer treatment, biosensors, antibacterial agents, and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). In this review article, we highlighted the different methods, synthesis, application, characterization and future prospects of nanoparticles to provide a reference for further studies.

In this paper, we derive a formula for the (mean) Cartan torsion of a class of general (α,β)-metrics. Also, we study weak Landsberg general (α,β)-metrics under a certain condition.

Alveolar arterial (A-a) oxygen gradient and respiratory index can be of immense help for the crit-ical care physician in clinical decision making. This study aimed to evaluate the potential application of A-aoxygen gradient and respiratory index in predicting the survival of COVID-19 patients in intensive care unit(ICU).

This is a retrospective cross-sectional study involving 215 adult patients with COVID-19 dis-ease, admitted to the ICU between 1st April 2020 and 30 June 2021. Details regarding demographic variables,comorbidities, laboratory and arterial blood gas (ABG) findings were recorded. Alveolar-arterial gradient andrespiratory index were calculated and tested as predictors of survival.

The mean age of the patients was51.92 years (65.6 % male). Hypertension was the most common comorbidity and oxygen via non-rebreathingmask was the most common modality used at the time of ICU admission. Mortality was 28.37% and averagelength of stay was 12.84 days. Patients who died were older (p=0.02), mostly male (p=0.017), had at least onecomorbidity (p<0.001), and higher heart rate and respiratory rate (<0.001 and p=0.03, respectively), lower pHon arterial blood gas (ABG) (p=0.002), higher FiO2 requirement (p<0.001), and increased A-a oxygen gradienton admission compared to survivors. According to receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis, A-aoxygen gradient and respiratory index were not sensitive or specific in predicting mortality in the studied pa-tient subset.

A-a oxygen gradient and respiratory index calculated at time of admission to ICU inpatients with COVID-19 were poor predictors of survival

Menstruation is a natural phenomenon among women who experience shedding of blood for 1–7 days every month which usually starts between age 11 and 14 years and continues until menopause at about 51 years of age. It is important to maintain menstrual hygiene, as poor practices increase vulnerability to reproductive and urinary tract infections. The present study was conducted with an aim to investigate the impact of focused group discussion (FGD) compared to didactic lectures (DLs) on the menstrual hygiene knowledge and practices.

The present cross-sectional study was conducted among 649 school girls during January to August 2019 using a convenience sampling technique. After collecting baseline information using a pretested, predesigned, standardized questionnaire, the participants in the control and intervention groups were exposed for the DLs and FGD, respectively, and 1 month after such intervention, the same questionnaire was again self-administered by participants. All tests were performed at a 5% level of significance using SPSS (version 22.0).

The baseline characteristics of both the groups such as participants' mean age, mean age of menarche, mother's literacy status, religion, type of family, and socioeconomic status were comparable. There was a difference in the knowledge and practice mean score of participants in the control group for pre- and postintervention, which was highly statistically significant (P < 0.001).

This study reveals that menstrual hygiene is far from satisfactory among most of the school girls. The DLs and FGD have improved the menstrual hygiene knowledge and practices among school girls.

Intraorbital foreign body with intracranial extension is a potentially devastating condition leading to blindness and even death in certain circumstances. Lot of controversies still exist regarding the most appropriate approach for removal of orbital foreign body with intracranial extension. In this paper we have discussed a series of 3 cases where the foreign body was removed through the anterior (transorbital) approach.

Gardner’s syndrome is a genetic condition demonstrating an autosomal dominant trait and characterized by the multiple colonic polyps (familial adenomatous polyposis coli) with sebaceous cysts and jaw osteomas. Various dental abnormalities present in patient’s suffering with this syndrome includes multiple impacted or unerupted teeth, supernumerary teeth, hypodontia, compound odontomes and dentigerous cyst. In this case report, a patient with Gardner’s syndrome who suffered from functional and psychological problems owing to multiple impacted, unerupted teeth and hypodontia was presented. Patient was treated with a maxillary conventional overdenture opposing mandibular custom bar supported overdentures.

In recent years, there is a growing appreciation of the stresses involved in nursing training. It is important for nursing educators to know the prevalence of psychological distress and psychological well-being among nursing students. The present study aimed to assess perceived stress in the undergraduate students studying in a nursing college located in North India. The present cross-sectional study was carried out at College of Nursing, Maharishi Markandeshwar University, Haryana, in the month of August 2011 using pretested self-administered questionnaire. Perceived stress score was measured using perceived stress scale (PSS). The mean perceived stress score of all 282 students was 28.67 (SD = 5.32), with a median of 26 (IQR = 22–34). Female students had more perceived stress score (31.33) than male students (26.01). The maximum mean perceived stress score (29.66) was observed in 2nd year students, and the least mean perceived stress score (26.28) was found in 3rd year students. The present study indicates high levels of psychological disturbance among nursing undergraduate students in the middle phase of the course. Hence, there is an urgent need to take measures by the authorities to reduce stress among the nursing students.