ali mohammad ranjbar

Cutaneous Leishmaniasis (CL) is a widespread parasitic disease that causes skin lesions and ulcers. Although the World Health Organization recommends Glucantime as a treatment for CL, this remedy presents unexpected side effects and high costs. This study investigates the in vitro antileishmanial effect of Scrophularia bavanatia hydroalcoholic extract on Leishmania tropica promastigotes.

This study aims to evaluate the in vitro antileishmanial effects of a local Scrophularia bavanatia hydroalcoholic extract on Leishmania (L.) tropica [MHOM/NADIM3] promastigotes.

Various concentrations (0.2, 1, 5, 25, and 125 mg/mL) of Scrophularia bavanatia methanol extract were prepared and added to cultures containing the parasite. The amastigote form of the L. tropica strain [MHOM/IR/NADIM3] was isolated from mouse spleens and transformed into promastigotes in Novy-Nicolle-Mac Neal medium. The antileishmanial activity of Scrophularia bavanatia extract was then compared to Glucantime using cell proliferation ELISA.

The LC50 values in the stationary stage for both Scrophularia bavanatia extract and Glucantime (mg/mL) were greater than in the dynamic stage. The extract at concentrations of 0.2, 1, 5, 25, and 125 mg/mL did not show significant differences after 24 and 48 hours (P > 0.05) compared to negative controls but did show a significant effect after 72 hours (P = 0.000). The extract demonstrated increased effectiveness with higher concentrations and longer exposure times.

Scrophularia bavanatia extract inhibits the survival and growth of Leishmania promastigotes. Future studies should further explore its effects on in vivo survival of the parasite.

Developing drugs with higher efficacy and fewer side effects for psychological disorders has always been of interest. The rhizome of Polypodium vulgare L. (common polypody) has been used as a mood stabilizer in Persian Medicine (PM).

The present study evaluates the anxiolytic and antidepressant effects of the hydroethanolic extract of common polypody rhizome (PEE) and the possible underlying mechanisms in mice subjected to chronic restraint stress (CRS).

Sixty NMRI male mice were exposed to CRS and received either a vehicle, fluoxetine, or PEE (at doses of 250, 500, 1000, and 1500 mg.kg -1 ). The forced swim test (FST), tail suspension test (TST), open-field test (OFT), and elevated-plus maze (EPM) were conducted to evaluate depressive-like and anxiety-like behavior. Oxidative, inflammatory, and apoptotic markers, as well as brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), were measured in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) and hippocampus (HIP). Corticosterone levels were also assessed in serum samples.

Polypody rhizome increased the time spent in the central zone of the OFT, as well as the time spent and the number of entries into the open arms of the EPM, while it decreased the immobility time in the FST and TST. Administration of PEE caused a significant decline in serum levels of corticosterone, as well as tissue levels of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β), and malondialdehyde (MDA). Additionally, it increased superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity in the PFC and HIP. Polypody rhizome also significantly restored total antioxidant capacity (TAC), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activity, and BDNF expression in the HIP. Moreover, Bcl-2 levels increased in the PFC, and Bax and caspase-3 expressions were downregulated in both regions with PEE administration.

Polypody rhizome exerted anxiolytic and antidepressant effects in behavioral tests and reversed CRS-induced oxidative, inflammatory, and apoptotic alterations.

Burns are one of the most common injuries; however, there are few medications to repair burned skin. Although antibacterial drugs such as topical silver sulfadiazine may prevent wound infections, they usually cannot accelerate skin healing. Marshmallow (Althaea officinalis L.) has long been used in Iranian traditional medicine to deal with skin burns.

The present study aimed to evaluate the effect of hydroalcoholic and aqueous extract of A. officinalis on the histopathologic parameters of second-degree burns in mice.

The mice were randomly divided into nine groups (n = 6), including control and treatment groups. Experimental second-degree burns were induced on the dorsal skin of the mice by a metal plate (2 cm in diameter) under general anesthesia. Control and treatment groups were treated twice a day for 21 days topically. Normal saline was used for the control group, and hydroalcoholic and aqueous extracts of A. officinalis in three concentrations (1%, 2%, and 4%) were used for the treatment groups. All preparations were made in a hydrogel base. Finally, the histopathological parameters of the burned skin, including polymorphonuclear (PMN) migration, epithelialization, angiogenesis, and collagenization, were scored, and the total score of wound healing was calculated.

The findings showed that topical application of hydroalcoholic or aqueous extracts of A. officinalis accelerated the wound healing process. They reduced PMN migration, collagenization, epithelialization, and angiogenesis scores compared to the control group. There was a significant difference between the 4% hydroalcoholic extract group and the normal saline group.

Althaea officinalis may have been used as an adjunct medication to accelerate wound healing in skin burns.

This study aimed to investigate the antimicrobial properties of Salvia limbata, Centella asiatica, and Bacopa Monnieri extracts against Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Acinetobacter baumannii and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). We also examined the synergistic effect of these extracts with ceftazidime and neomycin. The antimicrobial effects of these plants had been reported before but synergistic effect with broad spectrum antibiotics such as ceftazidime and neomycin was an important issue that we tried to determine. Methanol extracts were prepared by percolation method and phenolics content was determined by Folin–Ciocalteu method. The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of the extracts were determined by the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) broth microdilution method. Checkerboard assay was used to evaluate the synergistic effect of the extracts with ceftazidime and neomycin. Salvia limbata methanolic extract with MIC of 25, 100, and 150 mg/mL could inhibit the growth of S. aureus, P. aeruginosa, and MRSA, respectively. Bacopa monnieri with MIC of 50 mg/mL and 100 mg/mL inhibited the growth of S. aureus and P. aeruginosa, respectively. Centella asiatica did not affect the studied strains. The fractional inhibitory concentration (FIC) results showed partial synergistic activity between S. limbata with ceftazidime and neomycin against P. aeruginosa and MRSA. The MIC of ceftazidime and neomycin in combination with S. limbata was reduced fourfold for each antibiotic. Salvia limbata is a potentially rich source of bioactive compounds with antimicrobial properties that can be used with ceftazidime and neomycin to provide a synergistic effect.

It has been documented that oxidative stress and inflammation are the main causes of diabetic-induced disorders. Several studies have been reported the antioxidant and antidiabetic effects of prepared asafoetida extracts, from Ferula assafoetida L. species in the Apiaceae family. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of enriched-asafoetida diet (EAD) 0.5% and 2% on plasma level of glucose, hemoglobin A1C (HbA1C), insulin, lipid profile and hepatic enzymes, and vascular endothelial dysfunction induced by type 2 diabetes (T2D).

Thirty-two male Wistar rats were divided into four groups: 1) control group, 2) diabetic group, 3 and 4) diabetic groups received EAD0.5% and EAD2% for 4 weeks, respectively. T2D was induced by intraperitoneal injection of nicotinamide and streptozotocin. At the end of the experiment, the plasma level of glucose, lipid profile, insulin, oxidative stress, hepatic enzymes and vascular dysfunction were evaluated.

Fasting blood sugar, HbA1C, oxidative stress and hepatic enzymes significantly decreased and plasma level of insulin markedly increased in the EAD0.5 compared to the diabetic group. The plasma lipid profile was improved in the EAD0.5 group. The response of thoracic aorta rings to vasodilators and vasoconstrictor substances was considerably improved in EAD0.5 than in the diabetic group. The EAD2 did not have a significant effect on diabetic induced disorders.

The results of the present study suggest that the effects of EAD on biological disorders caused by T2D are dependent on the percentage of asafoetida in the diet.

Damages to the peripheral fibers of sensory nerve cells and central neurons cause neuropathic pain. Manifestations of neuropathic pain occur in various conditions, including diabetes mellitus, chemotherapy, and as the side effects of some medications. Cressa cretica has long been used in traditional medicine for pain control. This study was conducted to determine the role of opioid receptors in the analgesic effect of the hydroalcoholic extract of C. cretica in an experimental model of neuropathic pain.

The hydroalcoholic extract of C. cretica was prepared, and its total phenolic and flavonoid contents were standardized. Painful peripheral neuropathy was induced in rats by Chronic Constriction Injury (CCI) of the sciatic nerve. To evaluate the effects of the extract, the animals were orally given C. cretica extract (300 mg/kg), gabapentin (70 mg/kg) or normal saline (4 mL/kg) on days 3, 7, 14, and 21 after surgery, and behavioral tests were performed 45 minutes after taking the medications. To evaluate the role of the opioid receptors, Naloxone (1 mg/kg, IP) was given to rats treated with the extract 30 minutes after the extract and then the behavioral tests were performed after 15 minutes.

The hydroalcoholic extract of C. cretica attenuates neuropathic pain induced by CCI in rats. The extract works acutely and chronically, depending on the dosage and duration of use.

The hydroalcoholic extract of C. cretica reduces CCI-induced neuropathic pain in rats, and Naloxone, as an opioid receptor antagonist, inhibits this effect.

Solanum nigrum (S. nigrum) is a species of flowering plant from the Solanaceae family and one of the indigenous plants of Eurasia. Given the biological activities of this plant, like antimicrobial, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory ones, this study assessed its effects on the healing process of second-degree burn wounds in rats. We also evaluated its antibacterial activity against common pathogens of burn wound infection (i.e., Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, and Acinetobacter baumanni).

S. nigrum fruit extract was prepared by percolation and reflux methods. The extract was applied for the treatment of animal models with second-degree burn wounds. Parameters of wound healing and maturation, including collagen deposition, epithelialization, reduction of neutrophil migration, and angiogenesis, were evaluated. The antimicrobial activity of S. nigrum fruit extract against common pathogens of burn wound infection was assessed by the agar well diffusion method via measurement of zones of microbial growth inhibition.

Histological analysis showed a significant reduction in neutrophil migration by the 20% hydroalcoholic extract vs. control group (normal saline). In addition, we found that the 20% hydroalcoholic extract was more efficient than silver sulfadiazine in augmenting collagen deposition. S. nigrum hydro alcoholic extract also showed an inhibitory effect on S. aureus.

S. nigrum 20% hydroalcoholic extract improved some of the wound healing parameters such as collagen deposition and inflammation. It also shows an inhibitory effect on S. aureus. So, it may have therapeutic effects on burns.

In Iranian culture, due to some narratives from the prophet Mohammad about the use of frankincense during pregnancy for increasing IQ in children, some women consume frankincense during expectancy. This study's goal is to evaluate the relationship between frankincense used during pregnancy and the incidence of ADHD.

In this study, the case group comprised children 4-17 years old referring to Shahid Chamran Pharmacy in Yazd from summer to winter 2018 for receiving Methylphenidate, those with whom a psychologist had identified ADHD based on DSM-V factors.  The control group included children of the same age group but without ADHD. For data gathering, a checklist was used with some questions on smoking, family history of ADHD, presence/absence of a specific disease during pregnancy, frankincense used during pregnancy, and a chemical medication consumed during pregnancy.

The main result demonstrated that the children whose mothers used frankincense during pregnancy were 0.67 times less likely to be affected by ADHD than those whose mothers did not use this substance. However, the difference failed to be statistically significant (P>0.05).

Some studies report that frankincense can bear a positive effect on the development of the brain and possibly adequate formation of dendrites trees, axons and induce proper communication between them, so the impact of frankincense on the brain may be justified by its protective effect against the hyperactive child.

Wound healing is a complex process and is influenced by different factors. Aimed to enhance the wound healing procedure, the Moxifloxacin bilayer wafer was designed, optimized and evaluated as an advanced wound healing dressing. The wafers were prepared by the lyophilization and casting method. Optimization was done according to the results of bioadhesion force, swelling index, release rate, T40 and T90 (the time to reach 40% and 90% of release). The optimized wafer was evaluated against in-vitro and in-vivo efficacy using the disc diffusion method and histologic evaluation after application on the wound. The optimized formulation contained HPMC, MC, gelatin and PVP with mounts of 50 mg, 25 mg, 2 mg and 10 mg respectively. The hydrophilic bilayer wafer is adhered to the wound up to the end of wound healing. Application of optimized formulation led to the healing of wound 6 days faster without any sign of infection. The application of this wafer promoted wound healing and epithelium regeneration without any inflammation.

Oliveria decumbens Vent is a medicinal plant used in Iranian traditional medicine for gastrointestinal disorders such as abdominal pain ,indigestion and diarrhea. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of Oliveria decumbens Vent hydroalcoholic extract on morphine withdrawal symptoms and diarrhea in mice.

40 Mice weighing 20-30g were divided into 5 groups of eight. Negative control and positive control groups received normal saline and loperamide respectively. Treatment groups received 5, 50, and 500mg/kg of O.decumbens extract. Morphine dependency was induced by intraperitoneal injection of morphine for seven consecutive days. On the eighth day, one hour after the last dose of morphine, different doses of the extract; normal saline, and loperamide were administered intraperitoneally and 30 minutes later naloxone was injected into all groups to accelerate the onset of withdrawal symptoms. After 10 minutes withdrawal symptoms including jumps, standing, and wet dog shakes started. Frequency and water content of stools and quality of stools (normal, loose, watery) were recorded for 60 minutes.  

The result of this study showed that the extract of O. decumbens significantly and dose-dependently decreased the frequency of excretion, jumping, standing on feet, wet dog shakes and the amount of fecal water in the treatment groups compared to those in the control group. (P<0.05) 

O. decumbens extracts made a significant improvement in morphine withdrawal symptoms and diarrhea.

Readiness of power systems to cope with emergencies, especially those of sabotage origins, can improve the resiliency and minimize the restoration cost and time. In the current paper, in a tri-level robust decision making framework, system operator (SO) schedules the power generation for a base case in the upper level while a rational attacker tries to disrupt the most sensitive substation and consequently the connected generation units and transmission lines which leads to maximum load shedding in the middle level. Meanwhile, the SO once again tries to minimize the load shedding by redispatching the generation fleet in the lower level. In addition, in power systems with high wind penetration rates the SO should also consider the impacts of wind generation uncertainty for a more realistic robust scheduling. In contrast with two-stage robust methods with full recourse which immunize solutions against worst economic scenario (over-conservative solutions), the proposed column and constraint generation (CCG)-based model tries to find the base case solution while ensuring that in case of malicious attacks or wind realizations the solution can be adaptively adjusted with least load shedding. The performance of the proposed model is examined in 118-bus IEEE test system.

Pain is an unpleasant feeling which affects the quality of life and relieving from pain is an important goal in many treatment protocols. Apium graveolens L. (celery) has been considered as sedative, analgesic, carminative, antispasmodic and diuretic in Iranian traditional medicine. The aim of present study was to evaluate the anti-nociceptive and anti-inflammatory effect of celery root in mice.

Repeated maceration was employed as extraction method. Hot plate and acetic acid writhing test were conducted to assess analgesic effect of celery root. The extract was also evaluated for anti-inflammatory probable effect by formalin induced ear edema and xylene induced paw edema tests.

Total flavonoid content determined by aluminum chloride colorimetric method was 0.0625 mg quercetin/g extract. No significant difference was observed between the positive control group which received morphine and test group in hot plate test and the most effective dose of celery root extract was 200 mg/kg, while the frequency of writhings was significantly different in all test groups in comparison with control group (p value< 0.05), the extract (100, 200 and 400 mg/kg) significantly suppressed inflammation in formalin induced edema assay, 60 and 120 min after injection. The results of xylene test also demonstrated notable antiedematogenic effect in applying 200 and 400 mg/kg of extract.

Celery root has analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects which might be related to the flavonoids and resins present in the species.

Considering the effectiveness of green tea and Melissa officinalis in reducing weight and blood pressure in past studies, this study aimed to compare the effects of green tea and Melissa officinalis on blood pressure and weight in welders.
This is a single-blind crossover clinical trial. Twenty welders from a workshop entered the study. Green tea and Melissa officinalis infusions (4 g/d) were provided 2 times a day for 4 weeks in random order with a 3-week washout. Measurements were performed at the beginning and the end of each intervention. The environmental pollution of the workshop was measured by the professional health engineer at the beginning.
The diet and black tea intake were not different during the interventions (P > 0.05). Physical activity was not different throughout the study, although the intensity of physical activity was higher in the Melissa officinalis period (12.31 ± 12.89 versus 60.00 ± 33.95 min/ week; P = 0.06). Weight, body mass index and diastolic blood pressure decreased during the period of Melissa officinalis consumption and there was a slight increase during the green tea period (P > 0.05).
It is likely that one month of consumption of Melissa officinalis is as effective as green tea in changing weight and blood pressure, and therefore they can be a good alternative to each other

In this paper, a new multi-objective model for the expansion planning of the renewable distributed generation (DG) in smart distribution networks based on the passive defense considerations is proposed. The proposed planning model aims to minimize the outage duration of the distribution network loads considering priority of critical, sensitive and important loads. It also aims to minimize network costs and active power losses, at the same time. The optimum solution of the proposed model consists of DG unit’s size, location, and best year for installation. Uncertainties of load and output power of renewable DG units are handled by chance-constrained programming approach. Multi-objective particle swam optimization algorithm is used as an optimization tool to solve the proposed optimization model. The effectiveness of the proposed expansion model is demonstrated through examination on a 38-bus radial distribution network.

Recurrent aphthous stomatitis (RAS) is the most common painful ulcerative disease of oral mucosa happening in ~20% of people. Aimed to develop Myrtus communis L. (Myrtle) containing oral patches, we applied box-behnken design to evaluate the effect of polymers such as Polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP), Gelatin, Methylcellulose (MC) and Pectin.
The patches properties such as tensile strength, folding endurance, swelling index, thickness, mucoadhesive strength and the pattern of myrtle release were evaluated as dependent variables. Then, the model was adjusted according to the best fitted equation with box behnken design.
The results indicated that preparation of myrtle patch with hydrophilic polymers showed the disintegration time up to 24h and more. Using of polyvinyl pyrrolidone as a water soluble polymer and a pore-former polymer led to faster release of soluble materials from the patch to 29 (min-1). Also it decreases swelling index by increasing the patch disintegration. Gelatin and Pectin, with rigid matrix and water interaction properties, decreased the swelling ratio. Pectin increased the tensile strength, but gelatin produced an opposite effect. Thinner Myrtle patch (about 28µm) was obtained by formulation of methyl cellulose with equal ratio with polyvinyl pyrrolidone or gelatin.
Altogether, the analysis showed that the optimal formulation was achieved with of 35.04 mg of Gelatin, 7.22 mg of Pectin, 7.20 mg of polyvinyl pyrrolidone, 50.52 mg of methyl cellulose and 20 mg of Myrtle extract.

By the recent growing of global trend for decentralized power generation via natural gas, the interest in joint operation of several energy carriers has substantially increased. The most significant concept in this regard is the “Energy Hub”, which in this paper is employed to supply electrical and heat demands via electricity and natural gas carriers. Transformers, furnaces, combined heat and power (CHP) units, and electrical and heat storage units are utilized for this purpose. Unconventionally, CHP units are not modeled as constant electrical and heat efficiencies, and thorough operational characteristics of these units are employed in the problem formulation, which consists of feasible operating region (FOR), and nonlinear input-output relationship. In order to formulate the problem as mixed-integer linear programming, a piecewise linear approximation of CHP units’ operating region is presented to linearize their nonlinear operation. Additionally, the reliability index is added to the problem formulation, containing a model for changing the output point of CHP units in contingencies. The problem is aimed at choosing the best combination of candidate devices for decreasing total costs and increasing the reliability of supply in a long-term planning period. Simulations are presented for a case study, investigating impacts of applying energy price uncertainty on the results.

In this paper, a hybrid photovoltaic-battery-diesel generator system is designed and optimized for a remote islanded electric network in the northwest regions of the country. Considering the hardship of transferring fuel to the region where the system is installed, this study aims to minimize the generator fuel consumption. To evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed system economically, the HOMER software is used to find appropriate sizes for the photovoltaic and battery systems in order to minimize the fuel cost of generator. After finding the power sources’ optimized sizes ,a power management system for reducing the generator work hours during a day is introduced using MATLAB software. In the proposed management method, the predicted photovoltaic power production and anticipated load demand profiles are used. As it is concluded in this paper, taking advantage of the proposed method, the generator work hours and consequently the generator fuel consumption are decreased to its minimum value. Moreover, in the proposed method, the required battery capacity is much lower than one presented by the HOMER, in turn, resulting a lower system installation and fuel costs. Furthermore, it is confirmed that, in the middle of the day, when the photovoltaic power generation and load consumption are at their maximum and minimum values respectively, there is no need to waste the surplus of photovoltaic power in dump loads. As in the proposed method no dumping loads are needed, the generator average working time per day is decreased by 26% compared to the method used in HOMER software.

Control of three phase inverters has been an important issue in recent years. This paper proposes active disturbance rejection control (ADRC) scheme for controlling three phase inverters. The main advantage of ADRC that motivated us for using this controller for inverter is that it is model independent.  This controller is used in a double loop structure including an inner current loop and outer voltage loop. A case study has been simulated in SIMULINK to demonstrate the advantages of ADRC in control of inverters over PI controller. Simulation results demonstrate that load changes have no impact on performance of this control method and it is not sensitive to any uncertainty in parameters of the inverter.

Some physicochemical parameters of honey have been introduced by the International Honey Commission to evaluate its quality and origin but processes such as heating and filtering can affect these parameters. In traditional Iranian medicine, deslagging process involves boiling honey in an equal volume of water and removing the slag formed during process. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of deslagging process on parameters of color intensity, diastase evaluation, electrical conductivity, pH, free acidity, refractive index, hydroxy methyl furfural (HMF), proline and water contents according to the International Honey Committee (IHC) standards. The results showed that deslagged honey was significantly different from control honey in terms of color intensity, pH, diastase number, HMF and proline content. It can be concluded that the new standards are needed to regulate deslagged honey.

Wart is a skin disease with circular appendages, which is called “suloul” in Iranian traditional medicine (ITM). According to ITM literature, warts have different types and causes. The most important mechanism is excretion of materials (Khelt) from body to skin and mucus; its causative material is often phlegm, black bile or a combination of them. To treat warts, it is necessary to consider the patient’s life style, modify his dietary intake and moisturize his temperament.. This study aimed to compare Myrtus communis L. and Descurainia sophia L. as a method of ITM, versus salicylic acid in treatment of wart..Patients and In this study, conducted in Yazd, Iran, 100 patients were selected and randomly divided into four groups. Group 1) salicylic acid, group 2) salicylic acid and D. sophia L. group 3) M. communis L. group 4) M. communis L. and D. sophia L. Numbers, sizes of lesions and symptoms, on days 0, 20, 40 and 90 were examined and analyzed. The relapse rate was investigated three months after. Changes of sizes and numbers of warts in each period of time in each group, compared to baseline, were assessed by Wilcoxon Signed Rank test. To compare these changes between the groups, Kruskal Wallis test was used.. In this study 100 patients participated, 69% of which were female. Compared to baseline, mean ± SD of changes for the number of warts in day 40 were 1.12 ± 4.2, 0.96 ± 2.5, 1.32 ± 5.1 and 0.04 ± 0.2 respectively in the four groups (P = 0.02). Mean ± SD of changes for the number of warts in day 90 were 1.84 ± 4.5, 1.56 ± 2.8, 1.24 ± 5.1 and 0.04 ± 0.6 respectively in the four groups (P = 0.03). In addition mean ± SD of changes for the size of warts in day 40 were 0.96 ± 1.8, 1.03 ± 2.4, 2.47 ± 3.0 and 0.45 ± 1.7 respectively in the four groups (P < 0.001). Mean ± SD of changes for the size of warts in day 90 were 1.24 ± 2.1, 1.3 ± 2.3, 2.45 ± 3.1 and 0.45 ± 1.7 respectively in the four groups (P < 0.001). Relapse was not seen in any groups after three months. The frequency of side effects was similar after three months.. M. communis L. can be used as a topical treatment for warts. It not only shows more rapid response than salicylic acid, but also has fewer side effects. It seems that D. sophia L. can modify the digestion process and patients can excrete large amounts of the substance that causes warts. Therefore, it is better to use it more than 40 days. According to our investigation, in ITM, considering the cause and mechanism of disease generation and the causing materials of the disease, different treatments should be applied for each patient. Although applying an appropriate treatment is necessary, a unique treatment for all the patients cannot be available..

Wart is a contagious dermal disease with different types. Wart has long-term treatment with symptoms of multiple relapses, which involve larger surfaces. It has no definite medical treatment in traditional medicine and the provided treatments encounter restrictions and side effects especially in the facial warts.. Iranian traditional medicine (ITM) has provided different, economic, and low cost treatments for warts. One therapeutic method is using Myrtus communis L. (Myrtle) topically. The goal of this study is to investigate the efficacy of Myrtle as a method of ITM. In this study, we present two patients with common warts. They are from Iran and live in Yazd. They were taken Myrtle topically on their body but not on their faces.. The facial warts of both cases have completely cured by using Myrtle. We hypothesized that Myrtle not only have antiviral effects but also may have a systemic impression. It can use topically on a part of body with influence on the other parts. Myrtle is especially useful for facial warts. These two cases highlighted a new method for treatment of common warts especially facial warts and it needs more investigations..

Pomegranate (Punica granatum L.), Lythraceae, is mainly grown in Mediterranean region. It is one of the major cultivated productions of Iran, which have been used in folk medicine for many centuries. It has been proved that pomegranate has a high antioxidant activity and is effective in the prevention of atherosclerosis. This study compares the antioxidant activity, total phenolic and flavonoid contents of eight different pomegranate cultivars grown in Iran. Aqueous solutions of known Fe+2 concentration, vitamin E, vitamin C, gallic acid and catechin were used for calibration. The results showed that Sour summer pulp cultivar had the most antioxidant effect with significant difference with the other cultivar (p < 0.05) which can be introduced as a potent source of natural antioxidants, and the peel of three cultivars (Sweet saveh malas, Sour summer and Black peel) as a suitable source for extraction and purification of phenolic and flavonoid compound. The antioxidant capacity of pomegranate peel extract is 10 times higher than the pulp extract.