bahram abdolmaleki

Nurses experience many psychological problems in the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‑19) outbreak. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of Compassion Fatigue (CF) in nurses and the role of Spiritual Well‑being (SW), Emotion Regulation (ER), and Time Perspective (TP) in predicting it.

The research method was descriptive‑correlational. The statistical samples of this study included 394 nurses in Iran who were selected by the census sampling method. The sub‑scale of CF from the Professional Quality of Life Scale, SW questionnaire, ER, and the short form of TP questionnaires were used to collect data. Descriptive statistics and analysis of covariance tests were used to analyze the data.

The prevalence of CF in nurses in the COVID‑19 outbreak was 59.39%. CF in female nurses was higher than that in male nurses (F3,392 = 15.23, p < 0.001); in married nurses, it was higher than that in single nurses (F3,392 = 14.23, p < 0.001); and in nurses on fixed shifts, it was higher than that in nurses on rotating shifts (F3,392 = 5.63, p < 0.001). Also, CF in the emergency nurses, intensive care unit nurses, and coronary care unit nurses working under COVID‑19 pandemic was higher than that in the emergency nurses and nurses who worked in other wards (F3,388 = 14.31, p < 0.001). The results of hierarchical regression showed that SW, ER, and positive past negatively and suppression, present‑fatalistic, negative past, and negative future positively predicted the CF (p < 0.001).

Based on the results, programs and psychological trainings based on SW, ER, and TP are suggested to reduce CF in nurses in the COVID‑19 outbreak.

One of the main problems in oil and gas pipelines is abrasion corrosion on the edges of the flow channel in the plug and ball valves. Under normal conditions, the gas is moving at a pressure of about 145 bar and an approximate speed of 70 feet per second; the suspended particles in the gas collide with the edges of the flow channel and cause severe erosion on them. The abrasion resistance of steels depends mainly on their surface properties and can be increased by increasing the surface hardness by friction stir processing (FSP). In this study, A216-WCB steel, which is used in the manufacturing of casting parts for valves, flanges, and fittings, was processed using an FSP for one and three passes. The microstructure, hardness, and wear properties of the processed area were investigated. The results showed that two distinct zones, the stir zone (SZ) and the thermo-mechanical affected zone (TMAZ), are formed in the processed zone. Due to the FSP, the grain size in the stirring region decreased from 25 microns to about 3 microns. The hardness of the SZ increased from 165 Vickers to about 784 HV. Tensile strength increased by 24%, and elongation was reduced by 25% for the processed sample compared to the raw metal. This may be due to phase transformation to martensite and grain size refinement. Also, the abrasion resistance of the stirring area increased up to 2.5 times.

COVID-19 has led to many psychological problems in the world. Mothers of children with intellectual disabilities may experience psychological problems, including suicidal ideation in the outbreak of COVID-19.This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of emotion regulation therapy (ERT) on suicide ideation among mothers of children with intellectual disabilities.

The research method was quasi-experimental with experimental and control groups. The statistical population of this study consisted of all mothers of children with severe and profound intellectual disabilities in Razan city. 24 mothers with scores higher than the cut-off point (≥6) for the Beck Suicide Ideation Scale selected by convenience sampling method and were randomlyassigned in the experimental and control groups. The ERT was applied for the experimental group in 8 sessions, and the control group did not receive any training during the sessions. Analysis of covariance with repeated measures were used to analyze the data.

The results showed that ERT was effective in reducing suicide ideation in caregiver mothers of children with intellectual disabilities (p<0.05).

According to the results, the ERT is useful for reducing the suicide ideation in mothers of children with intellectual disabilities. ERT causes mothers to pay attention to their cognitive appraisal after awareness and acceptance of their negative emotions, and suicide ideation will decrease in them.

One of the main problems in oil and gas pipelines is abrasion corrosion on the edges of the flow channel in the plug and ball valves. Under normal conditions, the gas is moving at a pressure of about 145 bar and an approximate speed of 70 feet per second; The suspended particles in the gas collide with the edges of the flow channel and cause severe erosion on them. Abrasion resistance of steels depends mainly on their surface properties and can be increased by increasing the surface hardness by friction stir processing (FSP). In this study, A216-WCB steel, which is used in the manufacturing of casting parts for valves, flanges and fittings, was processed using a friction stir process for one and three passes. The microstructure, hardness and wear properties of the processed area were investigated. The results showed that two distinct zones, the stir zone (SZ) and the thermo-mechanical affected zone (TMAZ), are formed in the processed zone. Due to the friction stir process, the ferrite grain size in the stirring region decreased from 25 microns to about 3 microns. The hardness of the stir zone increased from 165 Vickers to about 780 HV. Also, the abrasion resistance of the stirring area increased up to 2.5 times.