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behrooz ghezelbash

  • Mojdeh Soltani, Mahshid Vosoughi, Mazdak Ganjalikhani-Hakemi, Hoorieh Shapoorian, Pezhman Beshkar, Nahid Eskandari, Behrooz Ghezelbash

    Programmed death ligand‑1 (PD‑L1) is a pivotal inhibitory checkpoint ligand known to induce T-cell exhaustion via interaction with the programmed death‑1 (PD‑1) receptor. Beyond this, PD-L1’s intrinsic signaling pathways within cancer cells warrant further exploration. This study aims to elucidate the effect of PD-L1 stimulation on the proliferation, survival, and apoptosis of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cell lines. Two human AML cell lines, HL-60 and THP-1 were cultured and treated with phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) to induce PD-L1overexpression. Post-treatment PD-L1 expression was confirmed via flow cytometry. Subsequently, cell surface PD-L1 was stimulated using a recombinant PD-1, 24 hours post-PMA treatment. The expression alterations in pivotal genes including BCL2, MKI67, BAX, and CASP3 were monitored using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction 24 and 48 hours post-treatment. Additionally, annexin-V through flow cytometry. Findings reveal that PD-L1 stimulation augments AML cell proliferation and survival by enhancing MKI67 and BCL2 expressions while concurrently inhibiting cell apoptosis due to decreased BAX and CASP3 expression following PD-L1 stimulation. Notably, stimulated cells expressed exhibited reduced annexin-V compared to control cells. This study underscores that PD-L1 stimulation fosters AML cell proliferation and survival while impeding cell apoptosis. The results hold potential implications for targeting PD-L1 in AML treatment strategies.

    Keywords: Acute myeloid leukemia, Apoptosis, Cell proliferation, Programmed death-ligand 1
  • Behrooz Ghezelbash, Mehdi Rostami, Mohammad Heidarvand, Alireza Mafi, Hamid Chegni, Nahid Eskandari

    Some risk causes may be associated with the severity of COVID-19. The central host-pathogen factors might affect infection are human receptor angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), trans-membrane protease serine 2 (TMPRSS2), and SARS-CoV-2 surface spike (S)-protein. The main purpose of this study was to determine the differences in the expression the metalloproteinases-2  (MMP-2), MMP-9, ACE2, and TMPRSS2 genes and their correlation with lymphopenia in the mild and severe types of the COVID-19 patients. Eighty-eight patients, aged 36 to 60 years old with the mild (n=44) and severe (n=44) types of COVID-19 were enrolled. Total RNA was isolated from the peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). The changes of MMP-2, MMP-9, ACE2 and TMPRSS2 gene expression in PBMCs from mild and severe COVID-19 patients were examined by the real time-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) assay and, compared between the groups. Data were collected from May 2021 to March 2022. The mean age of the patients in both groups was 48 (interquartile range, 36–60), and there were no appreciable differences in age or gender distribution between the two groups. The present study showed that a significant increase in the expression of ACE2, TMPRSS2, MMP-2, and MMP-9 genes in the severe type of the COVID-19 patients compared, to the mild type of the COVID-19 patients. Overall, it suggests the expression levels of these genes on the PBMC surface in the immune system are susceptible to infection by SARS-COV-2 and therefore could potentially predict the patients’ outcome.

    Keywords: ACE2, COVID, Gene, Lymphopenia, Matrix metalloproteinase
  • بهروز قزلباش*، محمدرضا دیهیم، آزیتا آذر کیوان، علی اکبر پورفتح الله

     مقدمه:

     ضایعات ذخیره سازی گلبول های قرمز (Red blood cell) RBC، ممکن است عملکرد این سلول ها را به طور چشمگیری کاهش دهد. یکی از این عوارض، افزایش تدریجی استرس اکسیداتیو است که سبب تخریب RBCها در طی نگهداری آن ها می شود. این مطالعه به منظور بررسی تاثیر ماده ی افزودنی گلوتاتیون به عنوان یک آنتی اکسیدان بر تغییرات بیوشیمیایی کیسه های RBC کم-لکوسیت در طول ذخیره سازی طراحی شد.

    روش ها

    مطالعه، از نوع تجربی بود و در سال 1396 در سازمان انتقال خون تهران انجام شد. تعداد 10 کیسه RBC کم-لکوسیت، طبق دستوالعمل های استاندارد جمع آوری، فرآوری و ذخیره شد. هر واحد به دو قسمت مساوی تحت تیمار با گلوتاتیون یا سرم فیزیولوژی (کنترل) تقسیم شد. نمونه گیری از همه ی کیسه ها طی نقاط زمانی 3، 14، 21، 35 و 42 روز پس از ذخیره سازی به عمل آمد. از روش الایزا برای بررسی تغییرات گلوتاتیون و 2و3-دی فسفوگلیسرات (2,3-DPG) و از روش آنزیمی برای سنجش پارامترهای بیوشیمیایی مانند لاکتات-دهیدروژناز (LDH)، غلظت لاکتات و فعالیت آنزیم گلوکز-6-فسفات-دهیدروژناز (G6PD) استفاده شد.

    یافته ها

    مقدار گلوتاتیون در گروه تیمار شده و گروه شاهد به ترتیب به میزان 70 و 60 درصد مقدار اولیه بود. با افت سطح گلوتاتیون در هفته ی انتهایی ذخیره سازی، کاهش قابل توجهی در فعالیت G6PD مشاهده شد (0/05 > P). مقدار 2,3-DPG بعد 42 روز از ذخیره سازی، تا نزدیک به صفر کاهش یافت. سطح LDH و لاکتات در طول ذخیره سازی در هر دو گروه افزایش داشت (0/05 > P).

    نتیجه گیری

    نتایج ما نشان داد، غیر از مقدار 2,3-DPG، مابقی معیارهای آزمایشگاهی مورد مطالعه تحت تاثیر گلوتاتیون قرار گرفتند و آنتی اکسیدان گلوتاتیون در کاهش استرس اکسیداتیو موثر بود.

    کلید واژگان: 2و3-دی فسفوگلیسرات، گلوکز 6 فسفات-دهیدروژناز، تزریق خون، گلبول قرمز، گلوتاتیون
    Behrooz Ghezelbash *, MohammadReza Deyhim, Azita Azarkeivan, AliAkbar Pourfatollah
    Background

    Red blood cell (RBC) storage lesions may dramatically reduce the function of these cells. One of these complications is the gradual increase in oxidative stress, which causes the destruction of RBCs during their storage. This study was designed to investigate the effect of glutathione additive as an antioxidant on the biochemical changes of leukoreduced-RBC (LR-RBC) bags during storage.

    Methods

    The study was experimental. In 2016, it was done in Tehran Blood Transfusion Organization. Ten bags of LR-RBC were collected, processed and stored according to standard procedures. Each unit was divided into two equal parts treated with glutathione or normal saline (control). Sampling of all bags was done during the time points of 3, 14, 21, 35 and 42 days after storage. Used the ELISA method to investigate changes in glutathione and 2,3-diphosphoglycerate (2,3-DPG) and the enzymatic method to measure biochemical parameters such as lactate-dehydrogenase (LDH), lactate concentration and glucose-6-phosphate-dehydrogenase (G6PD) enzyme activity.

    Findings

    The amount of glutathione in the treated group and the control group decreased by 70 % and 60% of the initial value, respectively. With the decrease of glutathione level in the last week of storage, a significant decrease in G6PD activity was observed. The amount of 2,3-DPG decreased to almost zero after 42 days of storage. LDH and lactate increased during storage.

    Conclusion

    Our results showed that, except for the amount of 2,3-DPG, the rest of the studied parameters were affected by glutathione and glutathione antioxidant was effective in reducing oxidative stress

    Keywords: 3-diphosphoglycerate, Glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase, Blood transfusion, Red blood cell, Glutathione
  • Behrooz Ghezelbash, Mostafa Moghaddam, Sima Aghazadeh
    Background
    Over the past decades, interest in establishing a National Rare Donor Program has increased significantly worldwide. The experience of developing countries, however, is still limited. Rare blood is defined as a blood group found in a 1000- 5000 population and donor has an absence of a high-prevalence antigen, or the absence of multiple common antigens. Iranian national rare donor program was established in 2009. This paper reports the experiences and challenges of establishing a national rare donor program in Iran.
    Materials And Methods
    This program provides services to all medical centers that need rare units. The main role of rare donor program is to maintain information of rare donors that are identified at the immunohematology reference laboratory located in Tehran. Good manufacturing practices and standard operating procedures are utilized to all activity. The IRL secures frozen blood to make them available when rare blood is required.
    Results
    As many as 1000 different types of rare donors have been identified in Iran, including several individuals whose blood group had developed clinically significant allo-antibodies. In addition to routine donor's personally identifiable information such as addresses and telephone numbers, we also access to the contact information of their close relatives or friends for emergency situation. Contact data are kept up to date at least twice annually. IRL staff are ready to provide services to patients with rare blood types, 24 hours per day, 7 days per week. To date, more than 80 donors with very rare blood group are listed on the IRL rare donor database in 31 centers. Current practice at IRL is to screen the first and second-degree relatives of any patient found to have a rare blood type for a matching blood donor. Iranian blood services need to establish special departments to provide rare blood RBCs and technical assistance for a quicker and more efficient responses to patients and request of their medical staff for blood transfusion. To achieve this aim, there were several challenges, including situation analysis and justification of the program, allocation of financial support by top managers, engineering and technical maintenance, facility and environmental services, employee awareness and communication between blood centers, technologist training in advanced immunohematology.
    Conclusion
    The results of this survey are encouraging and indicate that the information and database for rare donors will provide services to patients with very difficult and complex serology test results requiring rare blood transfusion. The experience of IRL may be helpful for other transfusion centers in developing countries.
    Keywords: Rare blood program, Rare blood type, Rare donor
  • Behrooz Ghezelbash, Azita Azarkeivan, Ali Akbar Pourfathollah, Mohammadreza Deyhim, Esmerdis Hajati, Alireza Goodarzi
    Background
    Some of the red cell storage lesions (RCSLs) take place during red blood cell (RBC) storage and may reduce the function of these cells dramatically, which mostly caused by residual leucocytes in blood components. This study was planned to observe the biochemical and hematological changes in pre-storage leukoreduced RBC (LR-RBC) compared with unfiltered RBC during in vitro storage.
    Materials And Methods
    Ten unit RBCs were collected, processed and stored according to Iranian standard operating procedure (SOP) of Iranian Blood Transfusion Organization (IBTO). Every unit was split into two equal parts, unfiltered RBC and LR-RBC. Samples were collected and tested on weeks of storage. Biochemical parameters such as lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), lactate concentration and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) enzyme activity were measured by auto-analyzer. In addition, hematology analyzer was used to monitor the change of RBC indices such as (MCV), (MCH) and (MCHC).
    Results
    In this study, both groups showed progressive increase of LDH and lactate levels, and also G6PD activity decreased during storage. Mean of LDH and lactate in unfiltered RBC was significantly increased compared with LR-RBC during all days of storage (p
    Conclusion
    LR-RBC and RBC both exhibited RCSL during storage, but LR-RBC is effective in reducing Red cell storage lesion (RCSL) and also improves the quality of stored red blood cells.
    Keywords: leuko-reduction RBC, Blood transfusion, RBC storage, RBC storage lesion
  • Ahmad Gharehbaghian, Behrooz Ghezelbash, Sima Aghazade, Mohammad Taher Hojjati
    Introduction
    Alloimmunization is a reaction of the immune system to foreign antigens. For prevention of alloantibody formation, performing of type and screen test is necessary on a patient''s blood specimen as part of pre-transfusion testing.
    Materials And Method
    In this cross-sectional study, type and screen test done for 1420 patients with elective surgery for detection of alloantibody in Imam Khomeini hospital in Ardabil.
    Results
    Prevalence of alloantibody in this population was 0.92% (13 patients) and 99.2% (1407 patients) showed no alloantibody in their serum. The most prevalent alloantibody was anti-K, anti-E and anti-c. No significant relationship observed between sex and alloimmunization rate.
    Conclusion
    performance of type and screen test play an important role in reducing the rate of alloimmunization, and also, could reduce the demands for blood reservation in hospital blood banks.
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