f. hosseinzadeh

Residual stresses are created usually undesirably during manufacturing processes, including casting, welding, metal forming, etc. Residual stresses alone or in combination with other factors can cause the destruction and fracture of components or significant decline in their service life. Therefore, it is crucial to measure the residual stresses. Contour method is a destructive testing method capable of measuring residual stresses of the cut surface along with being simple and low-cost. This method is able to create a two-dimensional map of residual stresses perpendicular to the sectioned surface. Measuring hollow samples is still a dilemma when using the contour method. In this study, hollow cylindrical samples with inner diameters of 20 and 40 mm were quenched at temperatures of 300ºC, 400ºC, and 850ºC. Both numerical analyses and experimental measurements were performed for the samples. The contour method was practiced for both hollow and filled samples. Overall review of the results was promising. However, the results obtained in the vicinity of the edges illustrated large deviations. Steel shafts were inserted to cylindrical holes to rectify the lack of constraint near the edges. The measurements on the filled samples were greatly improved.

The educational system of each countryman is a special developmental system influenced by the historical, geographical, political, economic, social and cultural factors of that country. Experts believe that one of the best ways to create and maintain a good education system is to train efficient and professional people. Academic failure occurs when there is a significant gap between potential and actual ability of individuals in their academic activities and academic progress. Therefore, increasing the quality of the education system is considered to be the most influential factor in developing countries. Therefore, in this study we aimed to investigate the effect of social, family and educational factors on academic drop of Ramsar campus students.
 

In this study, 61 medical and pharmacy students with a mean age of  24.14±1.6 years had a mean interest in major, marital status, good income in medical and pharmaceutical fields (32.8 % ,46.3%, 49.2%, respectively). Also, lack of parental follow-up, parental differences, type of residence, divorce and parental differences, parental death, parental illness (32.8%, 37 .7 % ,31.1%, 36.1%, 62.3% and 41% respectively) were effective in students' academic decline. On the other hand, students' mental and physical weakness, friendships with unplanned friends, worry about job prospects, being employed, differences with their classmates (57.4%, 47.5%, 57.4%, 31.1%, and 44.3%, respectively) were also difficult. And the student's academic problems have become. Other social factors such as academic weakness, intensive classrooms, multiple professors for one course, gap between pre-university and university entry, high volume of courses and lack of proper planning (52.5%, 44.3%, 37.7%, respectively) % (34.4%, 44.3%, 47.5%) had a significant role in students' academic drop .
 
 

In our study, social, family, and educational factors have been effective factors in students' academic decline in Ramsar Campus.