faredeh mostafazadeh

The present study was applied in terms of its objective and follows a sequential exploratory mixed-methods approach. In the qualitative phase, to extract the components for designing a constructivist-based learning environment and develop the model, inductive qualitative content analysis was employed. The research field included 17 books, 23 theses and dissertations, 86 articles, and 5 documents related to midwifery education, medical education, nursing education, health education, constructivist theory, constructivist learning environments, and real-world learning. A systematic review was also conducted to comprehensively analyze these sources. In the quantitative phase, the statistical population consisted of 50 experts in the fields of educational technology, midwifery education, medical education, nursing education, and health education. The validation of the designed model was carried out using a survey method and a researcher-made questionnaire with 15 Likert scale questions. The content validity of the questionnaire was confirmed using the Content Validity Ratio (CVR) and Content Validity Index (CVI). Additionally, the reliability of the questionnaire was measured using Cronbach's alpha, and the results were validated using a one-sample t-test. The qualitative content analysis results led to the identification of 8 main categories and 12 subcategories for designing a constructivist-based learning environment model. These components and subcomponents were presented in the form of a conceptual and procedural model. The validation results indicated that the proposed educational model has sufficient validity and effectiveness for midwifery students, as assessed by the experts.

Low back pain is one of the most common health complications in different community that 50% -80% of people of world had low back pain once time in life. Chronic low back pain has a complication such as social, individual ,economical, emotional and ... in people and effect in quality of life among patinas. The aim of this study was determination quality of life among patient of chronic low back pain.

In this prospective study, 91 patients With chronic low back pain who were that admitted physiotherapy To clinics in Ardabil and were studied data were collected by qestionaire (9steps).

In This Study results shows that 46 (51.7%) of patient had selfcare. 31(34.4°%) of patient had pain by lifting heavy things, 27(30%) had low back pain by stepping over l km/day, 24(27.2%) can not set down over l hour, 26(29.9%) of patients couldn't stand over 10 minutes, 40(47.1%) of patient had low backe pain on traveling, 47(66.7°%) didn't have good sleeping, 22(28.9%) had pain after sexual activity, and 35 (40.2%) had complication in social activity.

results showed that patient with chronic low back pain need education to control complications and improve their quality of life.