gorbanali karimzadeh

There tend to be key concepts in the thought of any philosopher which represents their intellectual system and serves as a ground for the existence and understanding of other concepts and thoughts of his. The concept of death is such a key concept in Plato’s thought. In his philosophy, there is a profound relation among the concepts of philosophy, catharsis, and death. It seems that understanding them and explaining the relation among them might pave the path for a better understanding of his views. By adopting a descriptive-analytic method, we aim to show the connection among “philosophy,” “catharsis,” and “philosopher’s death.” The stages of this research are in accordance with Plato’s writings so as to open a door to an understanding of many concepts in his philosophy. We conclude that in his view, philosophy, the philosopher’s death, and catharsis are all grounded in the same foundation. It is true that philosophy is a particular kind of discourse between two persons, death is the separation of the soul from the body, and catharsis is the purification of the soul from bodily attachments, but all these three cases involve a common concept of the soul’s separation from flowing things and its turning toward the real and eternal being. Thus, not only do they have the same function in terms of their instances and none of them is possible without the other, there is also an implicit correspondence in their concepts as well.

John Hick believes in religious pluralism. He believes that the plurality of religions is obvious and undeniable. He tries to explain this plurality. Hick believes that all religions are fairly equally spaced, and the claims of all religions are true, and the supporters of all religions are to be saved and salvaged. In his view, we have not just one right, but we have many rights. In other words, Hick believes in the truthfullness pluralism. To illustrate the issue of multiplicity of religions, he uses the Kantism distinction between noumenon and phenomene, and Wittgenstein's See theory. All religions are reactions to the ultimate truth. Various religions, even if they have different responses and reactions to the divine reality, can all contribute to the salvation, or perfection of their followers. The essence of religion is the transformation of human personality from self-centered to God, and in all religions, the important thing is that man turned to God. In contrast, Professor Motahhari believes that all religions have the right, but each in their own time. There is a right religion at any time. He believes that the multiplicity of religions is due to the lack of maturity and intellectual development of man, but believes that at the time of the revelation of the Qur'an, man had reached a level that could maintain his holy book. Our goal in this article is to answer some of the following questions: What are the benefits of religions to the truth? What is the basis of the validity of religions from the perspective of these two thinkers? What is the multitude of religions? What is the philosophical basis of the theory of multiplicity of religions ?

The issue of best system is one of the basic issues in theological systems and in Islamic Theology in particular. Based on the beliefs in best system, the existing world is the best world among the other possible worlds which is created regarding the quality and quantity .The discussion of the best system in Islamic Philosophy has very close relation with three other issues that can be seen at the center of a triangle which sides could be the knowledge of God, the grace of God and the problem of evil. In fact, the problem of evil has been proposed as question of best system which philosophers suggested various answers and solutions. The purpose of God’s grace, is his manifestation of merci in giving the best form for creatures based on knowledge and wisdom of God Almighty. Therefore, the fundamentals of best system are knowledge of God, Divine wisdom and absolute benevolence which these features cause that the manifestation of His grace to every creature to be complete and best. Allameh Tabatabaei, one of the contemporary philosophers, reflecting on the best system and its principles referred to the valuable points. This article with analytical approach explains and commenting on the problem in philosophical, theological, Allameh Tabatabaei’ innovations. Describing and explaining this issue is the most important finding of the present paper .