h. barzegar

Education and improvement of human behavior with their surroundings, is the key to solving environmental crises. This shows the necessity of implementing environmental education programs on a large scale through electronic learning for citizens. In order to successfully implement e-learning, it is necessary to design a suitable model; therefore, the purpose of this research was to design and validate the model of e-learning in environmental-citizenship training.

This study was conducted with the aim of designing and validating the e-learning model in environmental citizenship training. This study was exploratory in terms of thematic nature and applied and developmental in terms of objective. This study was carried out in two phases; in the first phase, which was done with the meta-synthesis method, related domestic and foreign research available in the databases and libraries of universities or government centers were investigated and semi- structural exploratory interviews were used. According to the inclusion criteria, the content review was done on 150 researches, and 22 experts were selected to be interviewed in a purposive way using MAXQDA. The kappa coefficient (or Cohen's kappa) was used to measure reliability as well. In the second phase of the research, the validation of the model was done using a 5-point Likert scale survey, which was given to 42 experts in education, environment, electronic education, citizenship education, and in the second step, after collecting information, the data were analyzed using the method of Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) with the Partial Least Squares (PLS) approach.

Using the meta-synthesis method in the qualitative part of the research, 15 components and 49 items related to the EEC model of the environmental citizen were extracted. Cohen's kappa coefficient confirmed 0.95 reliability of the designed model, which was at the level of excellent agreement. According to the findings of the quantitative part of the research, all factor loadings in this model were evaluated as very favorable or acceptable. The value of Cronbach's alpha for all components was above 0.7 and the combined reliability value for all variables of the model was above 0.6, which indicated good internal reliability. The average amount of extracted variance in all of the model structures was above 0.5; therefore, the divergent validity of the model was also confirmed. The coefficient of determination R2 for all of the model structures was evaluated as significant, and the appropriateness of the fit of the structural model was confirmed. The extracted effect size also showed that the quality of the system (Q2=0.795) had the greatest impact on the model. The values of t in all paths of the model were greater than 1.96. According to the results obtained from the modeling of structural equations based on the partial least squares method, there was a positive and significant relationship in the designed paths between the components of the model.

The items and components introduced in the design of the proposed model were also approved by experts. The designed model can be effective as a management tool in strengthening the provision of useful training and improving educational performance in this field. Also, the development of such models can help the decision makers as a guide to improve the education process to adopt a suitable policy for investing effective factors in the adoption and development of this educational approach.

When we study chemical graphs, the adjacency matrix is an important invariant of a graph with chemical meaning. In this paper, the general form of the adjacency matrices of three sequences of fullerenes will be determined.

In the present day, with the improvement of clinical care, the number of cases of premature and low birth weight babies who survive has increased. This group of babies usually achieve compensatory and faster growth than the average growth for their age and gender in the first two years of life. Also, small for gestational age (SGA) babies often have low birth weight (less than 2500 grams). These babies usually achieve compensatory growth at 2-3 years old. But if they cannot achieve this rapid compensatory growth, they may need therapeutic interventions including growth hormone administration. Therefore, the purpose of the present study was to determine and investigate growth indicators as an important health assessment criterion in 2-4-year-old children with a history of prematurity and low birth weight.

The present retrospective cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted in 2018-2019 on 96 children between 2 to 4 years of age who were born prematurely or with a low weight (less than 2500 grams). The hospitalization records of these children hospitalized at Hafez and Namazi hospitals of Shiraz were examined. Parents were invited to participate in the study through an online application. Growth indices including head circumference, height and weight were measured by a trained physician. Body mass index and Z-score were calculated for these indices and growth indices at birth were collected from their hospital records. The collected data were analyzed using t-test, chi-score and analysis of variance.

96 children were included in the study, 12.5% of children were small for their gestational age at the time of birth, and at the time of evaluation in the present study. All participants had reached the appropriate height and head circumference for their age, but 5 (41.6%) children were underweight. 45 (46.9%) children had growth disorder at the time of examination, 31 (32.3%) children were referred for laboratory evaluation and 3 (3.1%) children were treated with growth hormone. In this study, 33 (34.4%) children were underweight and 4 (4.2%) were short, 38 (39.6%) had a low body mass index (less than 2SD).

Premature and LBW infants need more attention for growth in follow-ups. Physicians should be aware of growth delay or arrest to do the best intervention at the time. They may need to refer to a pediatric endocrinology clinic at the proper time.

Let $A$ be an $S$-act where $S$ is a monoid. Then $A$ is called lifting if every proper subact $L$ of $A$ lies over a direct summand, that is, $L$ contains a direct summand $K$ of $A$ such that $K\subset L$ is co-small in $A$. In this paper, characterizations of lifting $S$-acts and co-closed subacts are presented. We show that the class of supplemented acts are strictly larger than that of lifting ones.

Red meat is susceptible to microbial and chemical spoilages due to its high nutrients and moisture contents. The aim of this study was to investigate effects of edible coating based on Plantago Lanceolata seed mucilage and Sclerorhachis platyrachis essential oil on physicochemical, microbial and sensory characteristics of veal samples during storage at refrigerator (4 °C).

Concentrations of 0, 0.5, 1 and 1.5% of Sclerorhachis platyrachis essential oil were used to edible coating Plantago Lanceolata seed mucilage. The changes in microbial load (total viable count, psychrotrophic count, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and fungi), physicochemical (pH, moisture content, peroxide value, thiobarbituric acid and texture) and sensorial (color, odor and total acceptability) characteristics of the veal samples were assessed during six (0, 2, 4 and 6) days of storage.

With increasing concentration of essential oil in the coated samples, peroxide value, thiobarbiotic acid, total viable count, psychrotrophic count, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and fungi increased with a gentler slope, compared to the control sample. Over time, hardness, moisture content and sensory attributes (color, odor and total acceptability) of all samples decreased. However, these parameters were lower in coated samples containing Sclerorhachis platyrachis essential oil than the control sample. Regarding microbiology, cold storage times for the control, coated sample without the essential oil and coated samples containing 0.5, 1, 1.5 and 2% essential oil were 2, 4, 4, 6 and 6 days, respectively.

The edible coating of Plantago Lanceolata seed mucilage containing Sclerorhachis platyrachis essential oil conferred good quality characteristics to the veal samples and extended their refrigeration shelf lives.

By increasing consumer demands for food products with no chemical preservatives, use of natural preservatives such as herbs with antioxidant and antimicrobial characteristics as well as effects on physicochemical and sensory characteristics of the products is increasing in food industries. Therefore, the objective of this study was to investigate effects of Echinophora platyloba on microbial, physicochemical and sensory characteristics of pickled cucumbers.

In this study, effects of Echinophora platyloba powder at 1, 2 and 3% on physicochemical (pH, titrable acidity, salt, color and texture), sensory (odor, smell, texture, taste and appearance) and microbial characteristics of pickled cucumbers were assessed during 14 days of storage at ambient temperature.

Results showed that with increasing the proportion of plant powder, pH and firmness of the cucumber samples increased and salt and acidity decreased (p ≤ 0.05). Based on the results of sensory assessment, samples containing 2% of Echinophora platyloba powder were more acceptable than other samples. As the proportion of powder increased, color values ​​of L* and b* decreased but the color value of a* increased. Microbial assessment results showed a significant antimicrobial activity of Echinophora platyloba powder; hence, no fungal and bacterial growths were seen in samples containing 3% of the powder.

In conclusion, Echinophora platyloba can be used as a natural preservative and a substitute for potassium sorbate in preservation of pickled cucumbers.

Aflatoxin contamination is one of the main problems for producers, and when compared with other farm produce, pistachio has the highest risk of aflatoxin contamination. In Iran, the maximum acceptable levels of aflatoxin B1 and total aflatoxin are 8 and 10 ppb or nanograms per grams respectively. One way to prevent this dangerous poison is to provide a situation in which there is no possibility for aflatoxin generator fungi to grow. To this end, four aflatoxin-free pistachio cultivars, grown in Kerman, were taken from the Institute of Standards and Industrial Research of Iran. Following the impregnation with the Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus parasiticus fungal spores were packed and gamma irradiated in 3, 5, and 9-kilo gray doses at the Atomic Energy Organization of Iran. The results revealed that the increase in radiation dose resulted in removal of aflatoxin generator fungi, and there was no possibility for their growth during the 9-month storage period, thus the aflatoxin production was reported to be zero. In the control sample, however, the fungal spore increased, and the aflatoxin production was reported to be higher than the standard. Sensory evaluation revealed that there was no marked change in the pistachios’ taste up to the 5-kilogray dose, and there was no significant difference between the control sample and up to the 5-kilogray irradiated treatments (p

The present work describes the physicochemical and antimicrobial properties of active films developed by incorporating different concentrations (0.5, 1, and 2% v/v) of Satureja hortensis essential oil (SEO) and 3% (w/w) nanoclay into a chitosan- montmorillonite nanocomposite film. The tensile strength (TS) of the films significantly decreased and elongation at break (EAB) increased with the incorporation of SEO. The control film exhibited the lowest water vapor permeability. In addition, decreases in water solubility (WS) and transparency were observed with increasing the concentration of SEO. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) indicated that films incorporated with SEO exhibited a higher degradation temperature compared with the control. The structural properties and morphology of the nanocomposite films were examined by X-ray diffractometry (XRD) and Scanning electron microscopy (SEM). SEO-incorporated films were more effective against gram positive bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus cereus) than gram negative ones (Salmonella typhimurium and Escherichia coli). The results suggested that SEO, as a natural antibacterial agent, has the potential to be applied in antimicrobial biodegradable films.

‎For the subclasses $mathcal{M}_1$ and $mathcal{M}_2$ of‎ ‎monomorphisms in a concrete category $mathcal{C}$‎, ‎if $mathcal‎{M}_2subseteq mathcal{M}_1$‎, ‎then $mathcal{M}_1$-injectivity‎ ‎implies $mathcal{M}_2$-injectivity‎. ‎The Baer type criterion is about‎ ‎the converse of this fact‎. ‎In this paper‎, ‎we apply injectivity to the classes of $C$-dense‎, ‎$C$-closed‎ ‎monomorphisms‎. ‎The concept of quasi injectivity is also introduced here to‎ ‎investigte the Baer type criterion for these notions‎.

Chitosan, a deacetylated derivative of chitin, is found in crustacean, arthropod, shell fish and shrimp shell as well as cell walls of some fungi . The objective of this research was to investigate the antimicrobial property of chitosan and possibility of its use as a natural preservative in mayonnaise. In this study, chitosan was produced by chemical method from shrimp shell. The antimicrobial activities of chitosan against Salmonella enteritidis and Lactobacillus plantarum were explored by calculation of the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC) in media supplemented with 0.1, 0.2 , 0.3, ..., 0.9 , 1 mg/ml chitosan adjusted to pH 5 or 6 . The MIC and MBC of chitosan differed with pH and bacterial type, ranging from 0.4 to 1 mg/ml. Antibacterial activity of chitosan was inversely affected by pH, with higher activity at lower pH value. The sauce containing 0.1, 0.2 or 0.3% chitosan was inoculated with 106 CFU/gr S. enteritidis or L. plantarum and stored at 5°C and 25°C for 8 days. The inhibitory effect of chitosan concentration was increased from 0.1 to 0.3%. This investigation demonstrated that 0.2% chitosan can be used in mayonnaise as a new preservative.