jamileh

Hepatitis C is a common viral disease of the liver, with an estimated 4.5 million infected individuals in the US. The lack of adequate knowledge of the hepatitis C has been reported among clinicians, dentists and other occupational groups. The present study showed the Knowledge and attitude of undergraduate and postgraduate students in Shahid Beheshti Dental School regarding hepatitis C: 2014-2015. In this descriptive cross- sectional study, 100 undergraduate and postgraduate students (80 and 20 individuals) were selected and studied by means of a questionnaire. The questionnaire included 17 knowledge and 9 attitude questions. The attitude and knowledge of dental students were assessed by Chi-Square Test. Of the total studied individuals, 32 students(32%) showed poor knowledge, 48 ones(48%) moderate knowledge and 20 ones(20%) had good knowledge of hepatitis C. Furthermore, 12 cases(12%) demonstrated poor attitude, 49 cases (49%) moderate attitude and 39 cases (39%) had good attitude. Value Odds ratio postgraduate students than the undergraduate students of the Group has the knowledge and attitudes of high compared to the moderate knowledge and attitude were 2/5 and the group has the knowledge and attitudes of high compared to low 4/5, respectively, Odds ratio in Female students than male of the above Groups were 1/3 and 1/8No significant effect of gender and course were shown on the student’s attitude and knowledge. (P. value > 0/05) It was concluded that although fair knowledge and attitude were shown among undergraduate and postgraduate students of this center, some important knowledge or attitude gap persist, for which, more stresses are require and adequate educational interventions are necessitated to prevent hepatitis C transmissions among population.

Industry has played a less creative role in the national spatial organization, regional growth and development. Instead of focusing the developmental centers, it has moved towards the industrial poles. The industrial towns in Ilam province began in Ilam city as the center of province, a kind of spatial instability was formed in the region which, by continuously building the industrial towns, aimed to move the spatial development towards the stability and balance. Industrial towns are one of the most important forms of locating the industry in the space. Comparative measurement throughout the province in two time periods made clear that the effect of industrial activities in the form of towns, showing the different economic, social and spatial influences. Therefore, using the data related to seven industrial towns and 98 active manufacturing units, the present research considers the relatively concise the questionnaire-based analysis of industrial towns in the province. With regards to the effect of industrial towns on spatial development in Ilam, the data concerning 19 economic, social and basic indices before and after the built industrial towns were compared by which the effects of industrial towns on spatial development in the province can be examined by using T- and F-statistical tests, and these 19 indices are along with the change in model of residence and building, change in communications (networks-roads), and change in the centers of economic activities. T-test was used to compare the couple and developments after building the industrial towns, selected in 19 indices. After building the industrial towns, it was significant in 18 indices in the level of 95% in reliability. It means that it has caused the improved economic, social and spatial indices in 7 cities of the province. To compare Ilam city and other six cities of the province, F-test was used in the reliability level of 95%, concluding that the difference was significant in 14 indices of all 19, causing the regional instability throughout the province between 1991-2001.