javad roustakhiz

Cumin is one of the most important medicinal plants in Iran, which needs a lower irrigation to complete the growth stages. Therefore, cumin is one of the most valuable plants for cultivation in arid and semiarid regions of the world, especially in drought conditions. For this purpose, the present study was conducted to evaluate the key morphological and physiological parameters as well as the factors involved in oxidative stress and essential oil content in some ecotypes under drought stress and normal conditions. The experiment was arranged as factorial based on a completely randomized design with three replications and conducted in Saravan University's research greenhouse. Experimental factors included drought stress (stress and non-stress) and different ecotypes (eight ecotypes). The measured traits were plant height, number of secondary branches per plant, number of umbel per plant, number of umbellate per umbel, number of seeds per umbrel, 1000-seed weight and seed yield per plant, chlorophyll a, b and carotenoid content, and activity of biochemical factors (catalase, superoxide dismutase, peroxidase, malondialdehyde) and also seed essential oil. The results showed that drought stress reduced yield, yield components and photosynthetic pigments content. In general, Birjand ecotype had the highest grain yield per plant (1.37 g). Also, the activity of catalase, peroxidase and superoxide dismutase antioxidant enzymes was determined in this valuable medicinal plant. The drought stress increased the activity of these enzymes as well as the level of malondialdehyde, from 1.31 u/mgpro*min, 2.34 mg/g, 1.29 u/gFW and 21.87 µmol/gFW to 33.44, 4.37, 6.90 and 66.66, respectively. Finally, the tolerance of the studied ecotypes to drought stress was identified according to the measured indexes and Birjand ecotype was recognized as superior ecotype.

The aim of this study was to investigate the antimicrobial and anti-biofilm effects of Mentha piperita and Zataria multiflora on some pathogenic bacteria. Mentha piperita and Zataria multiflora essential oils were obtained by using the clevenger device. The bacterial cultures were prepared as standard samples. Finally, antimicrobial and anti-biofilm activity was determined by microdilution method. The results of this study showed that the lowest inhibitory concentration of essential oil of Zataria multiflora was 1.25 mg / ml, while the rest of the bacteria were inhibited at a concentration of 2.5 mg / ml. The lowest and highest inhibitory concentrations were found as 1.25 and 5 mg / ml against Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The results of the study showed that Z. multiflora essential oil showed antimicrobial and anti-biofilm activity that could be used to treat infections caused by these bacteria.

The overgrowing resistance of the species of candida toward anti-fungus drugs has necessitated the use of compounds with antifungal features. Some plants have antimicrobial features due to their polyphenols components. This paper aims at exploring the anti-fungus effects of Zataria multiflora against Candida albicans.
A total of 20 g of the dried and pounded leaves of the Zataria multiflora was used and its extract was prepared in the rotary device. Various concentrations of all extracts were prepared in the 96 cell microplate. MIC and diameter of the inhibitory shield were measured by dilution method and agar disk, respectively.
The Zataria multiflora extract showed good antifungal effects against Candida albicans sample. Therefore, this plant extract can replace chemical drugs and be used against candida-caused infection upon completion of this research trend.
In the present study the principles of the extract, different methods of minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), and mode of action of the extract are discussed.

 Herbal medicines has been a major remedy in traditional medical systems from thousands of years and made a great contribution in maintaining human health and in preventing many infectious diseases. K. pneumonia is a bacterial negative intestinal bacillus and a member of Enterobacteriaceae family. This paper aims at investigating the antimicrobial effects of the methanol extract of wind cheese prepared by ultrasonic waves on the K. pneumonia

 All 12 isolates of K. pneumoniae isolated from urine culture of hospitalized patients (Amir al-Mu'minin Hospital, Zabol, southeastern of Iran) suffered from urinary tract infection during the years 2013 and 2014. In this study, the extract of W. somnifera obtained by ultrasonic waves. Then the minimum inhibitory concentrations and minimum bactericidal concentration were investigated to characterize the antibacterial activities of this extract

 The result showing that plant extracts from W. somnifera had inhibitory effect against K. pneumoniae. The MIC values were also determined against all the tested bacteria. The highest MIC values of extract were found to be 5mg/ml against K. pneumoniae and four of MIC value for K. pneumoniae was 2.5 mg/ml. (p<0.005).

 The obtained results showed that extraction by using ultrasonic method improved the efficiency and amount of the antimicrobial effects of the plant. So, ultrasonic waves can be used as a stimulus for increasing the antimicrobial effects of the plant.

The effect of environmental factors on plant vegetation is different. Therefore, it is necessary to evaluate role of these factors in medicinal plants growth, development and essential oil. This study was performed to investigate the effect of factors on qualitative and quantitative variations of the essential oil of Verbascum songaricum in its habitats in central Zagros Mountains, Iran in 2012. V. songaricum aerial biomass was collected in flowering stages from four rangeland sites in Isfahan (Dareh Hose, Ghahiz, Ghaleghadam, Semirom) and one site in Kohgiluyeh, and Buyerahmad (Dena) provinces, Iran. The samples were dried in open air and their essential oils were extracted through digestion method. Gas Chromatography Mass Spectroscopy (GC-MS) was used to identify essential oil composition as Alcohol, Hydrocarbon, Amin, Acid, Ester and Ketone of species in five sites. The most important environmental factors such as climate, and physiographic, soil physical and chemical properties were determined. In order to investigate the relationship between environmental factors and plant essential oil, Ordination analysis was performed using Redundancy Analysis (RDA). The results of correlation analysis indicated that the most important environmental factors affecting the essential oil were annual rainfall (r=0.86), frozen days (r=0.86), Aridity index (r=0.86), Altitude (r=0.86), gravel (r=0.74), nitrogen (r=0.78), organic matter (r=0.62) and soil texture (r=0.68). Results showed that there was an increase in essential oil production in V. songaricum under semi-arid cold climate, uplands, higher precipitation, relatively light texture and fertile soil. According to RDA analysis, two habitats were identified. The first habitat was more appropriate for essential oil production of V. songaricum (Dareh Hose, Semirom and Dena) in comparison with the second one (Ghahiz and Ghaleghadam). As a result, the first habitat was considered as a suitable natural place for the cultivation and domestication of V. songaricum.

Haplophyllum tuberculatum, belonging to the Rutaceae family, is distributed in south-eastern regions of Iran, particularly in Baloochestan. This study was aimed to investigate and collect scientific reports such as morphological characteristics, phytochemical compounds, ecology, biotechnology and evaluation of the therapeutic properties of this valuable medicinal plant.
In order to gather the information the keywords Haplophyllum tuberculatum, botany, genetic, biotechnology, therapeutic, and pharmacology were searched until 2016 from journals accessible in databases such as Scopus, EBSCO, Science Direct, Medline, PubMed, Embase, SID and Iran Medex.
The results in this study revealed various pharmacological properties including anti-cancer, antioxidantant, uterus-relaxing, anti-bacterial and anti-HIV activities for this plant which are probably due to the presence of aromatic compounds such as two alkaloids named haplophytin-a and B, and essential oils.
Haplophyllum tuberculatum possesses various pharmacological properties and the bioactive molecules of this plant play an important role in human health, hence, it might be used for different drug productions.