l. li

With the increasing complexity of the industrial production process, the transmission medium of the hydraulic turbine is no longer satisfied, and the gas-liquid two-phase mixed medium has to be considered. The presence of gas in the transmission medium will alters the internal flow structure of the hydraulic turbine and affect its operational stability. Therefore, for the purpose of clarifying the influence of inlet gas content on the internal flow of PAT, the unsteady flow of the PAT is simulated in this paper using numerical simulation. Based on the numerical simulation results, the influence of inlet gas content on the internal flow characteristics, characteristics of pressure fluctuation in impeller and volute, and vortex evolution of flow field are analyzed. The accumulation of gas phase leads to the emergence of vortices, and regions with low pressure values appear at the vortex generation. The major factor of the periodic variation of pressure fluctuation between volute and cut-water is the dynamic and static interference of impeller. The increase of gas content causes more flow disorder in the cut-water region and the volute contraction section. Since the gas in the flow channel is predominantly on the suction side of blades, the flow field on the suction side is more complex than that on the pressure side, and the amplitude of pressure fluctuation increases appropriately. The vortex structure is mainly distributed on balance hole, inlet area of impeller and suction side of blade. As the blade rotates, there are new shedding and growth of vortices, and finally attached to the volute wall. Increasing gas content enhances the influence of blade rotation on the vortex evolution characteristics in the volute and impeller.

Sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus lives in the lower temperature of the seawater and will enter the state of aestivation when the temperature is high. In recent years, the continuous high temperatures in summer have brought great loss to the production of sea cucumber in north China. To study the epigenetic regulating mechanism of A. japonicus and guide the temperature-controlled culture, the methylation level of A. japonicus genome was detected. Breeding imitation A. japonicus under different temperature conditions for a period of time, the difference of methylation level between the set temperature group and the control group was detected and verified. The methylation levels of A. japonicus in different temperature groups were detected. The methylation sites ranged from 84,766 to 96,225, and the sequencing depth was between 42.33 and 153.21. Under the temperature stress, more than 60% of the differentiated methylated genes in different groups were down-regulated, the HBW group had the most differentiated methylated genes (1,405), and the SBW group had the least differentiated methylated genes (643). Gene function classification and enrichment analysis were carried out, and a total of 3,512 differential genes were found, mostly related to immunity and metabolism. The results showed that temperature can change the gene methylation level of A. japonicus, affecting its expression level, and ultimately changing the metabolic and immune processes of A. japonicus.

The To investigate the feasibility, efficacy, and toxicity of three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy (3D-CRT) for treatment of patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) complicated by portal vein tumor thrombosis (PVTT) and/or inferior vena cava tumor thrombosis (IVCTT).

53 HCC patients with PVTT/IVCTT undergoing 3D-CRT during the period from September 2008 to January 2014 were analyzed. The Kaplan-Meier method was used to analyze between-group differences in patient baseline information. Univariate and multivariate cox regression analyses were used to identify factors affecting survival in patients with HCC.

Computed tomography (CT) scan or MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging) of the upper abdomen one month post-radiotherapy showed an overall response rate (CR + PR) of 56.6% (30/53). Univariate analysis revealed that treatment regimen (P = 0.008), alpha fetoprotein (AFP) level (P = 0.012), response to radiotherapy, metastasis to celiac lymph nodes and site of tumor thrombosis were strongly associated with the prognosis of HCC patients with PVTT (P = 0.000). The median survival time was 9 months (95% CI: 7.43-10.57 months) in 23 (43.4%) PVTT patients, and 24 months (95% CI: 20.04-27.96 months) in 30 (56.6%) IVCTT patients. Multivariate Cox regression analysis revealed that metastasis to celiac lymph nodes (P = 0.004) and response to radiotherapy (P = 0.001) were independent factors affecting patients’ survival.

3D-CRT has high efficacy for treating HCC patients with PVTT, and metastasis to celiac lymph nodes and response to radiotherapy are primary factors affecting HCC patients’ survival.

In this experiment, we intend to investigate the relationship between ER-α36 expression and endometrial cancer.

A total of 172 healthy control and endometriosis patients were selected from our hospital. These included 43 cases of normal endometrium (NE group), 43 cases of endometrium without atypical hyperplasia (EH group), 43 cases of atypical hyperplasia (AH group) and 43 cases of endometrial cancer (EC group). The expression of ER-α36 in these tissues was detected by immunohistochemical methods.

The positive rate of estrogen receptor (ER-α36) in each group was 4.24%±5.02%, 5.74%±6.34%, 9.69%±9.42%, and 11.78%±10.39%, respectively. The expression of ER-α36 demonstrated a notably higher level in the AH and EC groups compared to the EH and NE groups. A statistically significant difference was observed between the NE group and the AH group (P=0.0112). The NE group was statistically different from the EC group (P=0.0001).There was a statistical difference between the EH group and the EC group (P=0.0040). Among endometrial cancers, the mean positive rate of ER-α36 expression was 11.67%±6.74% in highly differentiated endometrial cancers, 9.45%±11.38% in moderately differentiated, and 14.82%±11.35% in poorly differentiated. Comparison between the two groups showed that there was no statistically significant difference in the expression positivity rate of ER-α36 in endometrial cancer of different degrees of differentiation (P>0.05).

ER-α36 has a certain diagnostic efficacy for endometrial cancer and can be used as an auxiliary judgment tool for pathological examination.

Based on the large eddy simulation method, this study performed the three-dimensional transient numerical analysis of the near-wall flow field of the spiral flow in a circular pipe and applied the sub-grid model of the kinetic energy transport. The low-speed bands, streamwise vortices and hairpin vortices of the spiral flow in the near-wall region of the circular pipe are determined using the Q criterion. The ejection and sweeping of coherent structures are identified using the velocity vector of the near-wall region; moreover, the two methods of creating the hairpin vortices are established by the image time series. The results demonstrate that the development directions of the near-wall bands, streamwise vortices and hairpin vortices of the spiral flow in the circular pipe develop along the path of the spiral line. The average spanwise period of the low-speed bands in the near-wall region is approximately 120 wall units, the length is more than 900 wall units and the height is not more than 40 wall units. The separation distance of the streamwise vortices is about 119 wall units. It has a certain angle with the wall (approximately 22°). The average burst period of a hairpin vortices is less than 0.015 s.

To investigate the difference in the effect of ultrasound-guided puncture injection of polidocanol (PO) and ethanol (ET) in the treatment of renal and hepatic cysts (RHC), and to analyze the factors related to patients’ prognosis of disease recurrence.

A total of 105 patients with RHC admitted to our hospital from August 2020 to August 2021. Among them, 59 patients received ultrasound-guided puncture injection of ET (control group); the rest 46 received ultrasound-guided puncture injection of PO (observation grou). The success rate of one-time puncture and adverse reactions of the two groups were counted, and the levels of C-reactive protein (CRP), Cortisol (Cor), liver and kidney function. Patients were then followed up for a one-year prognosis, and the prognosis of RHC recurrence was recorded. Logistic regression analysis was performed to analyze the factors associated with the recurrence of cysts.

Postoperative CRP and Cor were observed to be lower than those in the control group, and hepatic and renal function was better than that in the control group (P<0.05). In addition, the incidence of adverse reactions was lower in the observation group than in group B (P<0.05). Cyst diameter, incomplete cyst aspiration, and post-sclerotic segregation were high-risk independent factors affecting prognostic cyst recurrence (P<0.05).

Ultrasound-guided injection of PO puncture sclerosis for RHC has excellent results. At the same time, patients need to be concerned about the diameter of the cyst, incomplete aspiration of the cystic fluid, and whether the cyst is separated after sclerosis.

Multi-wing centrifugal fans are wildly used in the central air-conditioning. The influence of dimensionless clearance of the volute-tongue on aerodynamic performance and noise is studied by numerical simulation and experimental tests in this paper. The complicated internal flow related to unsteady flow in a centrifugal fan with multiple wings is investigated by numerical simulation. Besides, the influence of circumstance on the noise is analyzed. It is testified that the internal flow of centrifugal fans is ameliorated using appropriate volute tongue clearance. Reduced eddy current decreased the local-flow loss near the volute tongue and exit. The experimental results show that the static pressure of model △t/R2=0.12 rose to 7.5 Pa and the aerodynamics noise value reduced to 4 dB compared with that of a reference model. Meanwhile, an obvious reduction of aerodynamics noise by 3.74 dB is obtained for model △t/R2=0.12 installed in the air conditioning unit. The static pressure of centrifugal fan is significantly improved for the model with a cochlear tongue clearance ratio of △t/R2=0.12. It is further demonstrated that the proper dimensionless distance effectively suppresses the aerodynamic noise of forward multi-wing fans.

Surface structure is used to interfere with the turbulent boundary layer in the groove drag reduction, which is important to the endurance and stability of high-speed and ultrahigh-speed aircraft. The size of the groove structure directly affects the flow in the turbulent boundary layer and changes the drag reduction effect. The drag reduction characteristics of bionic triangular (V-groove) riblets were studied through Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) experiment and Finite Volume Method (FVM) simulation. Triangular riblets with adjacent height ratios (AHR) of 1.00, 1.74, and 3.02 were considered in this research, and the influence of these groove structures on the flow characteristics of turbulence near the wall is compared with those of the smooth plates. The distribution of time-averaged velocity, turbulence intensity, and coherent structures of turbulent boundary layer on the riblet surface is analyzed to document the effects of the geometric parameters of various groove structures on drag reduction rates. Results showed that the best drag reduction is obtained using the V-groove riblets with adjacent height ratio of 1:1 under the low free-stream velocity. The results can be used as a reference for further optimization of drag reduction structures with surface grooves.

Our aims were to prepare microspheres labelled with radioactive astatine as brachytherapy seeds and to confirm the antitumor ability of these microspheres.

Chitosan-collagen composite microspheres (CCMs) were synthesized through an emulsification crosslink reaction and radiolabelled with 211At using the chloramine-T method. Radiation stability was assessed in both phosphate-buffered saline and blood serum. The in vivo distribution and therapeutic effects were evaluated in BALB/c nude mice with implanted tumours.

CCMs showed ideal morphological characteristics (diameter of 7.5-15 μm) and acceptable radiation stability (73.99% in PBS and 72.56% in serum after 16 hours). The in vivo biodistribution analysis demonstrated that 211At-CCMs were highly localized in tumour tissue. The therapeutic efficacy of 211At-CCMs when intratumorally injected into a cervical tumour model was assessed. Fourteen days after a single-dose treatment with 211At-CCMs, significantly retarded tumour volume growth was observed.

211At-CCM brachytherapy has the potential to provide an alternative solution for tumour treatment.

The purpose of this paper is to develop an analytical solution for free vibration analysis of smart functionally graded (FG) plates by the Levy solution in conjunction with the state-space approach. The FG substrate is sandwiched between two piezoelectric layers. The rectangular structure has two simply-supported opposite edges while the boundary conditions of the other two edges are arbitrary. Based on the simple but efficient four-variable refined plate theory, the governing equations are extracted employing Maxwell’s equation and Hamilton’s principle. The achieved fourth-order partial differential equations are transformed to first-order ordinary ones using the Levy solution along with the state-space approach and then, they are solved by applying the eigenvalue method. Meanwhile, an iterative algorithm is proposed to obtain the natural frequencies of the structure with various boundary conditions. A comparison is made between the obtained results and those available in the literature which verifies the accuracy of the solution method and numerical algorithm proposed in this study. Finally, the effect of several parameters such as type of boundary conditions, aspect ratio, power-law index, piezoelectric layer thickness, and thickness-to-side ratio is examined on the obtained results.

The gas-liquid two-phase flow with interfacial behaviors and bubble-liquid interactions is widely encountered in industrial processes such as that in gas-liquid reactors. The complicated phase structure makes it difficult to be modeled. The present work proposes a multi-scale mathematical model to simulate the bubbly flow in a square column. The volume of fluid (VOF) method is applied to treat the separated interface, and the discrete bubble model (DBM) is incorporated to handle the dynamics of dispersed bubbles. The hybrid model is validated against the benchmark experimental data to study the accuracy and suitability of the modeling framework for bubbly flows. And the influence of interphase forces on bubbly flow patterns and velocity profiles is investigated. It is found that the employment of both pressure gradient force and Ishii-Zuber drag model provides fairly good agreements with experimental data for velocity profiles.

The blade inclination angle of soybean milk machine is a key geometric parameter for efficient crushing. For the purpose of obtaining optimal design, the gas-liquid two-phase flow field inside a soybean milk machine is simulated. The gas holdup from simulation is in agreement with the experiment. The simulation result shows that the lower blade A has a great influence on the internal flow field of soybean milk machine, while the upper blade B has a small influence on the flow field. As the angle l αA l  increases, the peak value of radial velocity decreases and moves to the interior of the cavity, so does the total pressure. When αA changes from -24° to -26°, the velocity vector at the bottom of the cavity changes from the connected state to the separated state, and the pressure difference between the up and the bottom surface of blade A becomes large. When αA = 24°, the flow field has the strongest turbulent kinetic energy and dissipation. When αB =28°, the pressure difference reaches the maximum. In summary, the best inclination angles are αAopt =-24° ∼ -26° and αBopt =28°, respectively.