m. dodangeh

An intelligent strategy for the protection of AC microgrids is presented in this paper. This method was halving to an initial signal processing step and a machine learning-based forecasting step. The initial stage investigates currents and voltages with a window-based approach based on the dynamic decomposition method (DDM) and then involves the norms of the signals to the resultant DDM data. The results of the currents and voltages norms are applied as features for a topology data analysis algorithm for fault type classifying in the AC microgrid for fault location purposes. The Algorithm was tested on a microgrid that operates with precision equal to 100% in fault classification and a mean error lower than 20 m when forecasting the fault location. The proposed method robustly operates in sampling frequency, fault resistance variation, and noisy and high impedance fault conditions.

Infra-red spectroscopy is one of the most accessible and effective methods for identifying the newly synthesized compounds. In this paper the infrared characterization of photoactive polyamidoamine (PAMAM) dendrimers of zero, second and fourth generations modified with four different 1,8-naphthalimide derivatives were described. The effect of the dendrimer generations and various substituents at C-4 position of the 1,8-naphthalimide rings towards the dendrimers polarization were examined. Results have clearly shown that the dendrimer generations have negligible effect on molecules polarization. Meanwhile, the nature of the substituent at C-4 atoms of 1,8-naphthalimide rings and its capability to resonance with imide group strongly effect on the molecular polarization. This phenomenon might be attributed to the differences in the conjugational or migrating ability of the electrons from the PAMAM core to the peripheral 1,8-naphthalimides. Synthesize fluorescent dye was finally applied for dyeing of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) fabric and building-up properties, wash and light fastness were examined.

Limitation of water resources and salinity of water and soil are important factors in the development of olive cultivation and production. Therefore, it is very important to select and introduce salinity tolerant olive cultivars. This study was carried out using six olive cultivars and promising genotypes (Conservolia, Koroneiki, Amin, D1, Ds8 and Ozineh2) and three salinity treatment (0, 50, 200 mMl-1 NaCl) as factorial experiment in completely randomized design with three replications in controlled environment. The results showed that with increasing salinity, the Na+ content increased in roots, stems and leaves tissues. The concentration of Na+, Cl- and K+ in these tissues was affected by salinity levels and olive genotypes. As the salt concentration increased, the potassium content and K+/Na+ ratio significantly decreased in roots, stems and leaves tissues. Transfer of Cl- from root to stem and leaves in susceptible cultivars and genotypes was higher than in tolerant genotypes. Cultivar Conservolia and genotypes and D1 genotype had the lowest leaf area. Salt injury index of showed that cv. Amin and Ds8 genotype had no injury symptom. However cv. Conservolia and D1 genotype showed the greatest injury symptoms by salinity stress. According to the results of this research, cv. Amin and Ds8 genotype were identified as tolerant, Ozineh2 promising genotype relatively susceptible, cv. Koroneiki as susceptible, and cv. Conservolia and D1 genotype as very susceptible to salt stress.

In this paper, a new fast and accurate method for fault detection, location, and classification on multi-terminal DC (MTDC) distribution networks connected to renewable energy and energy storages presented. MTDC networks develop due to some issues such as DC resources and loads expanding, and try to the power quality increasing. It is important to recognize the fault type and location in order to continue service and prevent further damages. In this method, a circuit kit is connected to the network. Fault detection is performed with the measurement of the current of the connected kits and the traveling-waves of the derivative of the fault current and applying to a mathematical morphology filter, in the Fault time. The type and location of faults determinate using circuit equations and current calculations. DC series and ground arc faults are considered as DC distribution network disturbances. The presented method was tested in an MTDC network with many faults. The results illustrate the validity of the proposed method. The main advantages of the proposed fault location and classification strategy are higher accuracy and speed than conventional approaches. This method robustly operates to changing in sampling frequency, fault resistance, and works very well in high impedance fault.