m. hamid

An in-depth fuel assay is crucial for spent nuclear fuel management. Spent fuels with high radiation dose levels also require an appropriate dosimeter. A widely used detector for nuclear radiation dosimetry is the Geiger-Muller detector. Pulses from this detector are of the same amplitude and no information about particle energy is provided. Dead time is a distorting effect as a nonlinear response is observed at large counting rates. This requires correction methods to avoid nonlinearity. The special measuring tool must be consistent with the structures and constraints of spent nuclear fuels, spent fuel storage, and its construction design. Spent nuclear fuel assemblies are kept in 10-meter water in the open reactor pool for a specific cooling period before transportation to the spent fuel storage pool. Measurement of high dose rates requires specific equipment. In this work, a spent fuel active dosimeter is developed for the spent fuel assay in TRR. Due to high radiation exposure, equipment parts are specially designed to resist gamma radiation. To eliminate the pulse pile-up effect and noise cancellation, a bandpass filter is employed. As an advanced technique, time interval distribution (TID) is also developed using digital electronics. By utilizing a Co-60 standard gamma source in the Karaj Secondary Standard Dosimetry Laboratory (SSDL), the detector tests and calibration are also accomplished. Validation of the system is performed with a commercial measuring tool.

breaking the law in caring for patients is one of the important and main pillars of ethical principles in nursing. This study was conducted in the form of a qualitative study in order to examine the experiences of law-breaking nurses in patient care

In this qualitative study, 15 experienced nurses from the Valiasr research educational center affiliated to the Birjand University of Medical Sciences, living in 1401 South, participated in this qualitative study. The sampling method was purposeful and collected through semi-structured individual interviews. The method of qualitative analysis was phenomenology with Man Vanen and with the help of 10MAXQDA software.

interviews with the participants regarding business in breaking the law in nursing care, the emergence of two main classes: the first class is escape from punishment and the second class: inattention of the authorities, escape from punishment: which includes 3 classes: a) forced silence b) illness c) Compulsory lawlessness and the second class, which recklessly took its officials, including the two subclasses of mutual retaliation and slave nurse.

The results showed that there is a positive positive error report in nursing and it should be strengthened more and above all in nursing and human rights in nursing should be implemented by the authorities to protect nurses. Not enforcing the rules by nursing officials.

Operating rooms (ORs) are among the most influential departments of a hospital that a major portion of its expenditures and revenues originate from it. Due to the limited resources and the presence of different stockholders, effective management, and the optimal planning of this department are challenging. This paper develops a mathematical model to address the integrated problem of the operating room and surgical member scheduling with the objective of makespan minimization. In the proposed model, several aspects, including the availability and necessity of surgical members and equipment, and lunch break consideration, are incorporated. Finally, a case study related to an OR department in a general hospital is provided to assess the applicability and performance of the proposed model.