mahtab zeynalzadeh

Prenatal and postnatal depression (PND) is associated with adverse outcomes for mother, fetus, and child. The aim of study was to examine the prevalence and risk factors of prenatal and postnatal depressive symptoms.

This was a cross-sectional and hospital-based survey of 2305 pregnant women and post-partum women (18-48 years) that was registered in the Babol Pregnancy Mental Health Registry (BPMHR) database from June 2020 to March 2021. Two questionnaires, including demographics and depression, were analyzed in this study. Also, the Edinburg Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) was used to assess the depressive symptoms. Independent t test and the analysis of variance were used to compare the means. Multiple logistic regressions were used to determine risk factors for depressive symptoms.

According to the EPDS scale, the prevalence of depressive symptoms was 19.8% in the pregnant woman group in comparison with the postpartum period (11.6%). Risk factors for antenatal depressive symptoms were parity (women with parity ≥ 4 vs. 1 parity, ß=1.808, P=0.020), two groups of gestational age (gestational age ≤12 weeks vs. 28 weeks, ß=1.562 P=0.030) as well as (gestational age 21-27 weeks vs. 28 weeks (ß=1.586, P=0.033), and high-risk pregnancy (high-risk vs. low-risk pregnancy, ß=1.457, P=0.003). For postnatal depressive symptoms, none of the factors were a significant risk.

Prenatal and postnatal depressive symptoms should be screened, particularly for women in the first and second trimesters, with high parity, and those with a high-risk pregnancy, as recommended by the present study.

The present study was conducted to develop structural equations of social adjustment of students with specific learning disorders based on alexithymia and metacognitive beliefs and mediated by perceived social support.

In this descriptive and correlational study, 210 subjects were selected as a purposeful sample from all male and female students aged 10 to 14 years with specific learning disorders in Tabriz in 2019- 2020. Bell Social Adjustment Inventory, Wells Metacognitions Beliefs Questionnaire, Toronto Alexithymia Scale, and Zimet et al, Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support were used to collect data. The collected data were analyzed using Pearson correlation analysis and structural equations by Lisrel 8.8 software.

The results showed that alexithymia and metacognitive beliefs have a negative and significant effect and perceived social support has a positive and significant effect on social adjustment. Alexithymia and metacognitive beliefs, in addition to having a direct effect, also indirectly affect the social adjustment of students with specific learning disorders through the mediation of perceived social support, according to the value of VAF statistics, it was observed that 31.5% of the effect of alexithymia on social adjustment, 20.9% of the effect of metacognitive beliefs on social adjustment can be explained through perceived social support.

According to the consequences of learning disability and its widespread effects on the process of individual and social life, it is suggested that programs be implemented to promote appropriate emotions and metacognitive beliefs and to expand social support among students with learning disabilities.

Elective cesarean section (ECS) increases neonatal respiratory complications like transient tachypnea of the newborn (TTN) and respiratory distress syndrome (RDS). This pilot study examined the effect of antenatal steroids on the prevention of respiratory problems in full-term neonates born via ECS.

This experimental study was carried out on full-term neonates (39-42 weeks) born by ECS to the mothers admitted to Babol Clinic Hospital, northern, Iran in 2016. The intervention group received betamethasone (12 mg, intramuscular, once a day) for 2 days before ECS plus conventional care, but the control group received only conventional care. The rate of respiratory complication and the admission rate of the newborn ward and neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) were compared between two groups.

Overall, 200 full-term neonates (100 neonates in the experimental group and 100 neonates in the control group) were enrolled. Nine neonates (9%) in the experimental group and 8 neonates (8%) in the control group had TTN (P=0. 64), and one (1%) neonate in the experimental group and one neonate (1%) in the control group had RDS (P=1).

Antenatal corticosteroid administration to the mothers before ECS with gestational ages of 39-42 weeks does not reduce the incidence of respiratory complications.  Thus, further studies are needed to determined its effects in gestational age group more than 39 weeks.

Given that marital conflict in women with infertility than fertile women, this study aimed to investigate the effect of communication skills training on marital conflicts in infertile women was conducted in the city of Babol. A Quasi-experimental study with Pre-test/Post-test and control group design was performed (Year: 2014 Place: Fereshtegan Midwifery counseling Centre of Babylon). Thirty women afflicted to infertility were selected and randomly assigned into experimental and control groups. The experimental group received communication skills training while the control group did not receive any psychological intervention. Marital Satisfaction (Enrich-35) questionnaire was used to collect the data. Data were analyzed using covariance analysis. after intervention score of patients who received communication skills training show this intervention was effective on marital satisfaction scales such as marital satisfaction, communication, conflict resolution, ideal distortion and total scale of marital satisfaction. Therefore, communication skills training can be used as one of interventional procedures for infertile couples who suffer from marital dissatisfaction.

Infertile women with induction ovulation that have appropriate follicules, need LH surge to release eggs, this is done routinely by HCG. This study designed to compare the pregnancy rate and hyper stimulation syndrome in PCOS patients with GnRH agonist instead of HCG. This descriptive study performed from 2003 to 2004 on 130 infertile patients with PCOS at Babol Infertility Center, Babol, Iran. This study was approved by the local committee of medical ethics. After induction ovulation if patients had 2 Follicules more than 16 mm or 3 folliculs more than 14 mm, we randomly used HCG or GnRH agonist for LH surge. The pregnancy rate and hyperstimulation syndrome evaluated. Data analyzed by spss. There were79 patients in HCG group and 44 patients in GnRH agonist group. There was no significante difference between HCG and GnRH agonist group, with regard to the mean age, infertility duration, number of HCG injection, body mass index and type of infertility (p>0.05). Over all 7(8.9%) patients in HCG group and 3(6.8%) in GnRH agonist group had ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (p= 0.49). There was pregnancy in 35 (44.3%) patients of HCG group and in 20 (45.5%) patients of GnRH agonist group (p= 0.526). There was no significant difference in the rate of pregnancy and ovarian hyperstimulation in patients with polycystic ovary, having induction ovulation with HCG and GnRH agonist. So it can be concluded we can say that: GnRH can be used instead of HCG for doing LH surge in PCO patients.