mohammad esmail maleki moghaddam

In the past, the boundaries of an urban neighborhood were determined by ethnic, racial, class, and group differences, as well as natural divisions and geomorphological differences (such as the presence of a river, waterway, etc.). Each neighborhood in a city has its own cultural identity, and when hearing the name of a neighborhood, the characteristics of its residents, in terms of occupation, wealth, and prevailing temperament, would immediately come to mind. However, in contemporary cities with the population explosion of the past century, which disrupted the old traditional living systems, the concept of neighborhood has undergone a change, and new interpretations have taken its place. Unlike the past, when neighborhoods were formed based on ethnic, racial, religious, and other shared characteristics, modern neighborhoods are often shaped by economic factors and occupational similarities (e.g., government employee neighborhoods). This leads to a diversity of opinions and tastes within these neighborhoods, resulting in a lack of consensus among residents. This research, conducted using a combination of documentary and field methods, involved distributing 380 questionnaires to residents of Neighborhood 49 in Zahedan. The collected data was analyzed using SPSS software and regression analysis. Although 61% of residents expressed satisfaction with living in the neighborhood, numerous problems were identified, including a shortage of trash cans and littering, poor road conditions, and dilapidated land used as garbage dumps. The most significant demand among residents was for increased green spaces, followed by a lack of recreational and sports facilities, inadequate sidewalks, and the absence of a proper sewage system.

The most regrettable form of urban development includes slums, shantytowns, and informal settlements that grow in gardens and agricultural lands on the urban fringe (adjacent to the legal boundaries and within the city's jurisdiction). These areas are characterized by narrow, winding alleys and poor sanitary conditions, and are constructed with basic materials (wood and mud) and unconventional ones such as cardboard, tin, plastic, car tires, and oil drums. This part of the city suffers from inadequate healthcare and educational services, high population density in substandard housing units, a lack of necessary comfort, and risks from natural disasters such as floods, earthquakes, and fires. In this study, we first examine the laws related to the management of constructions by municipalities, rural districts, and sub-districts. Next, the supervisory and control mechanisms are assessed. The analysis continues with the SWOT model, a strategic tool for matching internal strengths and weaknesses with external opportunities and threats. This model provides a systematic evaluation to identify these factors and to develop long-term plans that create the best alignment between them. The long-term planning aims to maximize strengths and opportunities while minimizing weaknesses and threats. The hypothesis of this study is that weak construction and building regulations have led to the development of fringe settlements. By proposing revisions and improvements to these laws, it is possible to prevent the expansion of such settlements, thereby avoiding negative consequences and fostering a well-developed and comfortable city.