Investigating and Analyzing the Problems of Controlling Marginalization From a Law view (Case Study: City of Zahedan)

The most regrettable form of urban development includes slums, shantytowns, and informal settlements that grow in gardens and agricultural lands on the urban fringe (adjacent to the legal boundaries and within the city's jurisdiction). These areas are characterized by narrow, winding alleys and poor sanitary conditions, and are constructed with basic materials (wood and mud) and unconventional ones such as cardboard, tin, plastic, car tires, and oil drums. This part of the city suffers from inadequate healthcare and educational services, high population density in substandard housing units, a lack of necessary comfort, and risks from natural disasters such as floods, earthquakes, and fires. In this study, we first examine the laws related to the management of constructions by municipalities, rural districts, and sub-districts. Next, the supervisory and control mechanisms are assessed. The analysis continues with the SWOT model, a strategic tool for matching internal strengths and weaknesses with external opportunities and threats. This model provides a systematic evaluation to identify these factors and to develop long-term plans that create the best alignment between them. The long-term planning aims to maximize strengths and opportunities while minimizing weaknesses and threats. The hypothesis of this study is that weak construction and building regulations have led to the development of fringe settlements. By proposing revisions and improvements to these laws, it is possible to prevent the expansion of such settlements, thereby avoiding negative consequences and fostering a well-developed and comfortable city.