mohammad fathi

Software-defined networks (SDNs) are an emerging area in computer networks, enabling efficient resource management in the network by decomposing data and control plans. In SDNs, network controllers acting as the network operating systems, are responsible for serving application programs. Since a control plan consists of several controllers, the placement of network controllers is a challenging issue in complex networks. While the literature has explored the number of controllers and their placement in the network, several fundamental parameters remain unexplored. Therefore, this topic remains open for more investigations. In this paper, we survey the work in the literature on controller placement in SDNs and introduce the research challenges in this area. Additionally, we present potential future research directions to advance this field.

Security is a main goal in the design of industrial Internet of Things network. Due to the ever-increasing developments in the Internet of Things, it is necessary to use new methods to detect active network attacks. In this article, an intrusion detection system for industrial Internet of Things is proposed. This system uses the combination of gray wolf meta-heuristic algorithms (GWO) and decision tree (DT), nearest neighbor (KNN) and artificial neural network (ANN) classification algorithms. First, the data is pre-processed and then normalized, in the next step, data feature extraction is performed using the gray wolf algorithm to extract its independent and effective features. Then it is trained using classification algorithms and finally evaluated. The obtained results show that the use of the combined GWO-ANN algorithm with 93.22% accuracy has a better performance in detecting attacks. Also, the ANN algorithm is more accurate than the DT and KNN algorithms when combined with the GWO algorithm. ,

The Covid 19 illness is triggered by a coronavirus known as SARS CoV-2. This particular virus spreads rapidly likely because of the Spike proteins affinity, to the human ACE2 cell receptor causing harm to organs, like the lungs in type 2 pneumocytes that abundantly express this receptor.

The research methodology used in this study involved a case control approach. Patients were referred by a specialist following diagnosis. A total of 50 samples, from infectious cases and 50 samples from cases, with mild symptoms were analyzed for statistical purposes. The ACE2 gene expression was assessed using the Realtime RCR method after RNA extraction.

The findings indicate that the average age does not have an impact on individuals experiencing mild symptoms. Moreover, there is a decrease in the expression of ACE2 genes in the blood of patients with severe symptoms hospitalized in intensive care units as compared to those, with mild symptoms, highlighting a substantial disparity.

The numerical value of fold change for ACE2 gene in severe type patients shows a decrease compared to mild patients and it is 2.11 times lower in severe type patients than mild type.

Diabetes causes inflammation in the heart, which predisposes to cardiovascular disease. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of six weeks of progressive aerobic exercise on expression of vascular endothelium growth factor (vegf) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (tnfα) of the heart of diabetic male Wistar rats.

 Forty male Wistar rats (weight 253.09 ± 12.92 grams, age 8-10 weeks) were randomly divided into four groups: control, diabetic, exercise, and diabetes + exercise. Induction of diabetes was done through intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin solution at the rate of 50 mg/kg. The training protocol consisted of six weeks of progressive aerobic training, five sessions per week on the treadmill. The gene expression of vegf and tnfα in left ventricular tissue was measured by Real-Time PCR method. One-way analysis of variance and Tukey tests were used for statistical analysis at p>0.05 level.

The expression of the vegf and tnfα genes in the left ventricle of the heart in the diabetic group was significantly increased (p<0.0001) and decreased (p<0.0001) respectively compared to the healthy group. On the other hand, the expression of vegf and tnfα genes in the left ventricle of the diabetes + exercise group increased (p<0.003) and decreased respectively (p<0.0001) compared to the diabetes group.

Progressive aerobic training can considered as a suitable non-pharmacological method for reduction of the inflammation and also to improve angiogenesis in diabetic samples.

Physical activity positively influences various physiological factors, laying the groundwork for beneficial changes. Myostatin and follistatin are among these factors, whose levels are influenced by gender and physical activity. The present study was conducted with the aim of investigating the effect of traditional resistance training (RT) and high functional training (HIFT) on the serum levels of myostatin and follistatin in young women.

In this semi-experimental study, 30 young women were selected and divided into three groups: intense functional training, traditional resistance training, and control. Blood was drawn 24 hours before and 48 hours after the end of the interventions to measure the serum levels of myostatin and follistatin. The exercise protocols were performed for eight weeks, 3 days a week and 60 minutes a day. Ultimately, the collected data were analyzed using the ANOVA statistical method, with a significance level set at P < 0.05.

The results showed that follistatin level was significantly higher in the RT and HIFT groups than in the control group (P = 0.001). Also, the amount of follistatin in the HIFT group was considerably higher than the RT group (P = 0.01). The results showed that the level of myostatin in the RT and HIFT groups was significantly lower than the control group (P = 0.001). Also, the amount of this factor in the HIFT group was substantially lower than in the RT group (P = 0.01).

In general, the findings of the present study show that performing intense resistance and functional exercises causes a favorable change in the expression of physiological factors related to muscle growth in women. It seems that the effect of intense functional exercises is greater than resistance exercises.

Workplace violence has always been a serious chal-lenge in health care systems. It reduces employees’ satisfaction and productivity, and increases the potential for adverse medical events. This study aimed to determine the prevalence and predictors of workplace violence among hospital clinical staff.

This cross-sectional study was conducted on 140 hospital care staff including nurses and paramedics in 2022. The standard questionnaire of WHO on workplace violence in health sector was used to collect data. To describe the quantitative variables, the mean and standard deviations were utilized, and for analyzing the data, multiple logistic regression model was used. The analysis was performed using SPSS 26. 

The results showed that 47.9% of the participants ex-perienced verbal violence at least once in the past year, and 19.3% experienced sexual violence. Regarding the perpetrators of violence, except for physical violence, colleagues accounted for the highest. Most physical violence cases against the clinical staff were perpetrated by one of the patient’s family members. Gender, marital status, and years of work experience were determined as predictors of workplace violence. Married male employees with limited work experience were disproportionately at risk of workplace violence.

Hospital clinical staff were exposed to all kinds of violence, especially verbal violence. Training personnel on the management of workplace violence and enhancing their communication skills and determining the scope, and predictors of workplace violence can help healthcare managers reduce the violence and its complications.

Portal Venous Thrombosis after sleeve gastrectomy can be due to changes in portal vein flow. The present study was designed to compare the portal vein flow before and after sleeve surgery using Doppler ultrasonography to investigate any changes in the type of portal vein flow after the sleeve surgery.  

This study is prospective in which all people (n=60) referred to our hospital in Tehran from June to August 2020 for Sleeve gastrectomy surgery were evaluated. Participants’ information was collected from patient's medical records through a researcher-made checklist. Using proper statistical tests, all statistical analyses significant at less than 0.05 were analyzed.  

Among 60 patients under sleeve gastrectomy, 51 (85%) were females. The mean age was 35.63 ± 9.004. Based on postoperative follow-up (3 days after sleeve gastrectomy), portal vein flow has decreased (proportion: 0.3667, 95% CI: 0.25 – 0.49 cc/min) in 22 patients (36.67%). In these patients, both the mean of portal vein flow (955.90 ± 177.88 cc/min) and the mean of portal vein diameter (10.43 ± 0.80 mm) was significantly decreased (P < 0.001).  

The complications following sleeve surgery are rare, but considering the various reports of thrombosis after sleeve surgery, it is necessary to pursue high-risk people and keep them under consideration to prevent any complications after surgery.

As the most common surgical condition, acute appendicitis has a lifetime risk of 7 to 16% in general population. Laparoscopic appendectomy (LA) has dragged a lot of attentions in surgeons in the last two decades; however, previous studies show controversies regarding superiority of LA over open appendectomy.  

In this prospective cohort study, we assessed the patients who had undergone laparoscopic or open appendectomy in our hospital between February 2017 and February 2020. We recorded demographic information as well as data on CBC, CRP, wound infection, pain score (based on visual analogue scale) and duration of operation in a pre-designed checklist. We followed all the patients for a three-year period for incidence of right-side inguinal hernia.  

We included 150 (103 males and 47 females) patients with a mean age of 25.51±6.51 years. Mean pain score after surgery was 7.76±0.99 in open and 7.49±1.04 in laparoscopic appendectomy groups (P = 0.138). Surgery site infection (SSI) was occurred in 3 (4%) patients of open and one patient (1.3%) of laparoscopic appendectomy surgery (P = 0.620). After completing a 3-year follow-up, 5 (6.6%) patients in open appendectomy and 2 (2.6%) patients in laparoscopic appendectomy group had inguinal hernia (P = 0.442).  

In conclusion, we realized that open appendectomy is not associated with a significantly higher rate of inguinal hernia in comparison with laparoscopic appendectomy in a three-year post-operative period.

Some activities, such as acute activity, can cause an increase in inflammatory indicators and muscle damage in the blood.

The aim of the effect of taking ginger supplement along with acute extroverted and introverted activity was on some inflammatory indicators and muscle damage in the serum of obese girls.

After measuring the maximum oxygen consumption, 50 girls with a body mass index of over 30 kg/m2, age 24.89 ± 73.7 years, height 159.02 ± 5.20 cm and weight 87.77 ± 88.8 kg were randomly divided into 5 groups including: experimental group 1 [supplement+ extrovert (n = 10), experimental group 2 [supplement + introvert] (n = 10), placebo + extrovert group (n = 10), placebo + introvert group (n = 10)b , and control group (n = 10) became The training protocol included acute extroverted and introverted activity [positive and negative incline on the treadmill] was implemented. Supplement groups consumed 2 grams of ginger powder daily for 4 weeks. After fasting for at least 8 hours, blood samples were collected before and immediately after any type of activity to measure serum hs-CRP and ck levels. To examine intra-group changes, t-dependent and for inter-group comparisons, analysis of covariance with inter-group factor was used (P = 0.05).

The t-dependent results of this research showed that acute extroverted and introverted exercise in the pre-test and post-test, respectively, caused a significant increase in the levels of hs-CRP and CK in the supplement and placebo groups (P ≤ 0.05). Also, the results of covariance analysis showed that taking ginger supplement for four weeks after acute extroverted and introverted activity had a significant effect on hs-CRP levels (P = 0.04) between supplement and placebo groups. CK levels (P = 0.09) had no significant effect between the supplement and placebo groups.

Increased levels of inflammation and muscle damage in introverted acute exercise are greater than in extroverted. According to the results of this research, daily consumption of ginger supplements can reduce inflammation and muscle damage caused by physical activity.

In the current distributed integrated circuits (IC) industry, the possibility of adversarial hardware attacks cannot be ignored. Hardware Trojans (HT) attacks may lead to information leakage or failure in security-critical systems. The wide range of HT types and related insertion strategies makes the HT detection process very complex. Consequently, developing the IC design methodologies that are robust against HT insertion would be of great merit. To measure the HT robustness, a vulnerability analysis of the proposed circuits should be performed which involves several interrelated factors (e.g. the layout of white spaces distribution, the unutilized routing resources, activity of the circuit nodes, the delay values of circuit paths, etc.). In this paper, a novel framework is proposed to classify the IC vulnerability level. First, a comprehensive dataset is generated considering different HTs insertion into the ISCAS 85 and ISCAS 89 benchmark circuits. Then extraction of efficient features from the input image is accomplished by pre-trained deep neural networks. Finally, the vulnerability level (which is defined as low vulnerable, moderately vulnerable, and highly vulnerable) of every circuit is extracted using various trained classifiers (Ensemble, SVM, Naïve Bayes, and KNN). Simulation results confirm a 25% improvement in classification accuracy in the most successful classifier (97%) compared with the most successful previous study (72%).

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of home-based exercise with functional overload on functional independence, balance, walking, and electromyographic changes in chronic stroke patients.

The statistical sample consisted of 24 chronic stroke patients referred to the clinic of Shohadaye Ashayer Hospital in Khorramabad, Iran. They were randomly divided into two equal groups (intervention and control). Berg Balance measurement scale, functional Independence test, Dolly walk measurement and intervention, and electromyography examination of quadriceps femoris and tibialis anterior muscles were investigated for both groups in the pre-test and post-test stages after 12 week.

Home-based exercise with functional overload significantly improved balance, walking, and functional independence tests in the intervention group. In the electromyography test, an improvement in the amplitude of the tibialis anterior and quadriceps femoris muscles has been observed in the intervention group.

Our data revealed that in addition to clinical exercises, home-based exercises using weights or weight cuffs may lead to improvements in independent functioning, walking, and balance in in chronic stroke patients.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of sports rehabilitation exercises with vitamin D consumption on fatigue, sleep quality and depression level of people with osteosarcoma cancer after bone marrow stem cell transplantation.

In this study, 27 women with osteosarcoma cancer with body mass index above 30 kg/m2, age 24.90±4.03 years, height 163.85±3.62 cm and weight 82.17±4.5 kg were randomly divided into four groups. (patient-exercise), (patient-exercise-vitamin D), (patient-exercise-placebo) and (control) were divided. The training protocol includes ten weeks of Pilates exercise. The supplement group took 500 IU of vitamin D three days a week for 10 weeks. Data were analyzed using dependent t-test and one-way analysis of variance.

The results of the covariance analysis of the research of three exercise groups showed that after ten weeks of sports rehabilitation with vitamin D consumption, the indicators of fatigue and the level of depression decreased significantly (P≤ 0.05). Also, the results of covariance analysis of the three training groups showed that the overall sleep quality of people with osteosarcoma cancer increased significantly (P≤ 0.05).

Based on the obtained results, it is suggested that the consumption of vitamin D along with exercise rehabilitation can be an effective treatment method for fatigue, sleep quality and depression in people with osteosarcoma cancer.

Exercise is a promising non-pharmacological option to potentially delay the onset or slow the progression of Alzheimer's disease. Therefore, this research seeks to find the possible mechanism of the connection between muscle and hippocampus under the influence of swimming exercise in rats with Alzheimer's disease. The significance level was 0.05.

Thirty-two 6-week-old rats were randomly divided into four groups: sham (SH), Alzheimer's control (AC), training (T) and Alzheimer's training (AT). Alzheimer's was induced by injecting beta-amyloid into the hippocampus. The training program consisted of 20 swimming training sessions with increasing time. After the end of the intervention, the tissue of the Gastrocnemius muscle and hippocampus was removed and the expression of the desired proteins was measured by immunohistofluorescent staining method. A correlation test was used to check the changes of the studied indicators.

The results showed that the expression of neuron cell adhesion molecule, SEMA3A and profilins proteins had a significant positive relationship with NACHRa7 (P=0.001) and a significant inverse relationship with NLRP1 (P≥0.05) and Dead Cells (P≥0.05).

It seems that the induction of Alzheimer's causes the destruction of the neuromuscular junction and motor neurons. It can be effective in increasing hippocampus inflammation, on the other hand, swimming exercises is an effective intervention to improve axonal regeneration and neuron plasticity in motor neurons, and therefore it can be an effective intervention to prevent and control the complications of Alzheimer's disease in old age.

Inactivity plays a role in diabetes and increasing tissue oxidative stress and this study aimed to investigate the effect of a period of aerobic exercise on malondialdehyde, superoxide dismutase, and glutathione peroxidase in the heart tissue of male diabetic rats.
44 male Wistar rats (200-250 grams) were randomly divided into 4 ten groups of healthy, diabetic, training, and diabetes+ training. After 12 hours of food deprivation, diabetes was induced by intraperitoneal injection of STZ solution, The training groups did aerobic exercise 5 days a week for 6 weeks. 48 hours after completion of the protocol, anesthetized animals and heart tissue were removed. ELISA method was used to measure the amount of superoxide dismutase, malondialdehyde, and glutathione peroxide. Data were analyzed with one-way ANOVA, Tukey's post hoc tests, SPSS, and GraphPad software.
The results showed that superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxide in the diabetes group were significantly lower than the control, exercise, and diabetes+exercise groups (p≤0.0001). Also, superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxide were significantly higher in the diabetes+exercise group than in the control and exercise groups (p≤0.0001). Malondialdehyde in the diabetes group was significantly higher than in the diabetes+exercise group, the exercise group, and the control group (p≤0.0001). Malondialdehyde was significantly higher in the diabetes+exercise group than in the diabetes and control groups (p≤0.0001).
aerobic training can have a positive effect on the heart tissue in diabetic rats by reducing oxidative stress.

Leaders are tasked with making decisions that have substantial impact on an organization's well-being. Decision-making requires critical thinking. Clinical environments are becoming more complex and demanding nowadays. Acquisition of critical thinking skills seems crucial in order to provide effective and safe services in these climates. There are various general definitions regarding critical thinking in the context of health care management which mostly have no positive correlation with clinical performance. The aim of this study is to provide an evolved perspective on critical thinking in health care managers.

Eight-step Rodgers’ concept analysis approach was adopted in this analysis to provide a clear definition about critical thinking in health care managers as well as searching and analyzing online databases. The inclusion criterion included articles published during 2005-2022 in English and Persian languages (just in English or in Persian). Finally, 57 articles, 3 dissertations, were included in the analysis.

The extracted attributes of critical thinking were as follows: responsibility for strategic planning and thinking, making accurate and hesitant decisions and problem solving skills, using professional and inter professional communication skills, applying knowledge in managing clinical settings, organizing human and financial resources, growing of mindsets and disposition for better performances in health care managers, and supervision for insurance of health quality.Provision of critical thinking leads to positive outcomes such as effective and patient-centered care, creativity, evidence-based practices, and professionalism.

A clear and comprehensive definition of critical thinking in health care management context was developed. This definition can correct many misconceptions and conceptual misuses about critical thinking in health care managers.

One of the most important issues in wireless telecommunication systems is to study coverage efficiency in urban environments. Coverage efficiency means improving the signal-to-interference ratio (SIR) by providing a maximum telecommunication coverage and establishing high-quality communication for users. In this paper, we use unmanned aerial vehicle (UAVs) as air base stations (BS) to investigate and improve the issue of maximizing coverage with minimal interference. First, we calculate the optimal height of the UAVs for the coverage radius of 400, 450, 500, 550, and 600 meters. Then, using simulation, we calculate and examine the value and status of SIR in UAVs with omnidirectional and directional antenna modes in symmetric and asymmetric altitude conditions, with and without considering the height of the UAVs. The best SIR is the UAV system with a directional antenna in asymmetric altitude conditions where the SIR range varies from 4.44db (the minimum coverage) to 52.11dB (maximum coverage). The worst SIR is the UAV system with an omnidirectional antenna in symmetrical height conditions without considering the height of the UAV. We estimate the range of SIR changes for different coverage ranges between 1.39 and 28dB. Factors affecting the SIR values from the most effective to the least, respectively, are coverage range and the antenna type, symmetrical and asymmetric height, and finally, considering or not considering the height of the UAV.

With the increasing development of space technology applications and the consequent increase in the requirements of space missions, many satellites have changed their nature from rigid to flexible structures. Attitude control of flexible satellites is more challenging than rigid satellites. This survey examines the challenges and architectures of flexible satellites and analyzes their dynamic behavior. Moreover, a comprehensive review of various attitude control approaches which have been proposed by researchers in recent years for flexible satellites has been done and the advantages and disadvantages of each of them are compared and evaluated to other approaches. Finally, based on the conducted survey, some recommendations have been made for designing an appropriate attitude controller strategy for flexible satellites.

The present study was conducted with the aim of investigating the effectiveness of teaching cognitive-metacognitive strategies on the motivation to progress and academic vitality of students with learning disabilities.

The research method was an experiment with a pre-test-post-test design with a control group. The statistical population of the research includes all students with learning disabilities in the elementary school of Ardabil who were studying in the academic year 1401-1402. 40 students were selected by available sampling method and randomly replaced in two experimental and control groups. The research tools included Martin and Marsh Academic Vitality Questionnaire, Colorado Learning Difficulties Questionnaire, Hermans Achievement Motivation and Raven Intelligence Test. Data were analyzed using multivariate analysis of covariance test.

The findings of the research showed that the teaching of cognitive-metacognitive strategies is effective and has a direct and significant effect on the motivation of progress and academic vitality of students with learning disabilities (P<0.01). Based on the findings, it can be concluded that the training of cognitive and metacognitive strategies can help to improve the motivation of progress and academic vitality of students, which in itself leads to an increase in performance and academic progress of students.

According to these results, cognitive and metacognitive strategies should be used in educational environments in addition to other methods of increasing attention and improving executive functions in children with learning disabilities. Also, by teaching cognitive strategies to students, it is possible to increase their motivation to read.

The COMT gene, with its influence on motivation, emotions, stress tolerance, self-control, pain processing, perception, and neurodegeneration, may underpin variations in sports competition outcomes. Thus, this study aims to explore the frequency of the COMT gene rs4680 polymorphism in elite Iranian male athletes in the domains of basketball and wrestling.

A total of 60 wrestlers, 55 basketball players, and 60 non-athletes were included as subjects. Saliva samples were used for DNA extraction, and the Tetra ARMS PCR method was employed for genotype determination. The impact of mutations on mRNA second structure and COMT gene function was assessed using RNAsnp and PolyPhen-2 servers, respectively. SPSS22 software facilitated data analysis, with the chi-square test applied to evaluate genotype frequency.

The study did not reveal any association between the COMT rs4680 polymorphism and elite wrestlers and basketball players. Significant differences in genotype distributions or allele frequencies were not observed among (1) wrestlers and basketball players; (2) wrestlers and non-athletes; (3) basketball players and non-athletes. However, further replication studies are warranted (P < 0.05).

No significant association was identified between the COMT rs4680 polymorphism and the elite status of wrestlers and basketball players in the studied population. Nevertheless, additional replication studies are imperative for a comprehensive understanding of these relationships.

Backgrand: 

Inflammation can cause damage to the central nervous system, leading to neuropathological diseases such as stroke, pain, schizophrenia, and Alzheimers. AIM2 is a member of the PYHIN hematopoietic nuclear protein family that binds to cytosolic DNA and activates caspase-1, one of the inflammatory-mediated caspases that activates pro-inflammatory cytokines. The aim of this research is to investigate the effect of a swimming training course on the expression of caspase-1 and AIM2 proteins in the hippocampus of male Wistar rats.

The statistical population of this study included 16 male Wistar rats (6 weeks) divided into two groups: a group without training and an endurance training group. Eight rats were placed in each group. The group without training did not engage in any sports activities, while the training group participated in a swimming training session. After a 4-day familiarization period, the rats swam for 30 minutes from the fifth day. Independent T-test was used to evaluate the interventions, and all statistical calculations were done using SPSS statistical software.

The results of this research showed that exercise caused a significant decrease in the level of caspase-1 and AIM2 proteins in the hippocampus of male Wistar rats.

Overall, this study suggests that endurance swimming training can effectively reduce caspase-1 and AIM2 proteins. Therefore, it is possible that exercise, by reducing inflammatory factors, can be a potential treatment for diseases caused by inflammation, such as sclerosis, diabetes, cancer, and Alzheimers.

Resistance training (RT) is an important part of athletes' preparation exercises with the aim of strengthening physical fitness, creating neuro-muscular adaptations and improving sports performance. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of resistance training with weight on NCV of tibial and peroneal nerves, muscle strength, agility, flexibility and performance of half-back, half-turn and angel balance skills in seven- to ten-year-old gymnasts.

In this semi-experimental study, 24 children with two years of experience in gymnastics (age: 8.5±1.5 years, weight: 32.10±9.40 kg, height: 135±13 cm) voluntarily Participated. Subjects were randomly divided into two groups including gymnastics training and gymnastics training + resistance training with weights. And they trained for 10 weeks. During the research, one group did general gymnastics exercises, and the other group did resistance training with weights three times a week in addition to gymnastics exercises. Before and after the exercises, NCV test, Sargent's jump muscle power tests, agility of 9x4m back-and-forth run, Wells' flexibility, and performing half-back, half-turn and balance skills of Angel were performed. Independent t-test was used to analyze the data. And a significance level of P<0.05 was considered.

The results showed that the NCV in the tibial and peroneal nerves increased significantly in the weight resistance training group compared to the general gymnastics training group. Also, muscle strength in Sargent's jump, agility in 4x9m back and forth running, and the performance of half-back and half-turn skills increased significantly (P<0.05). However, no significant change was observed in the flexibility with the Wells test (P=0.870) and execution of Angel's balance skill (P=0.552).

10 weeks of resistance training with weights significantly increases neuromuscular adaptations, NCV, muscle power, agility, and implementation of half-back and half-varus skills in gymnast children. Therefore, it is suggested to use resistance exercises with weights to improve the performance of children athletes in the field of gymnastics and fields where nerve conduction speed, muscle power and agility are effective in the success of athletes.

Osteosarcoma (OS) is one of the most common bone cancers that constantly affect children, teenagers, and young adults. The limitation of the effectiveness of current treatments of this disease has been confirmed. Rehabilitation exercises are one of the methods that are said to have a good effect, but there are few studies about this. Osteosarcoma is a malignant bone tumor that arises from primary bone - forming cells, and the production of malignant bone material is its prominent histological sign. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of combining rehabilitation exercises with vitamin D consumption on the serum level of osteocalcin, insulin resistance, and the function of pancreatic beta cells in patients with osteosarcoma cancer after bone marrow stem cell transplantation.

This study was experimental. Forty female patients with osteosarcoma cancer with a body mass index above 30 kg/m2, age 24.9 ± 4.03 years, height 163.8 ± 3.6 cm, and weight 82.1 ± 4.5 kg were the research subjects. The subjects were randomly divided into four groups (control) (patient - exercise), (patient - exercise - placebo) and (patient-exercise - vitamin D). The training protocol included ten weeks of Pilate’s sports activity, three sessions per week (30 sessions). The weekly supplement group consumed 500 IU of vitamin D for 10 weeks. Data were analyzed using dependent t-test and covariance analysis of variance (P = 0.05).

Rehabilitation exercises combined with vitamin D consumption caused a significant increase in osteocalcin     in control groups (23.7 ± 3.5), patient - exercise (26 ± 14.4), patient - exercise - placebo (26.6 ± 14.1). And patient - exercise - vitamin D (26.4 ± 23.1) and a significant decrease in blood glucose of control groups (82.1 ± 29.9), patient - exercise (72 ± 0.49), patient - exercise - placebo (71 ± 1.32) and patient - exercise - vitamin D (71.5 ± 22.8) of people with osteosarcoma cancer after bone marrow stem cell transplantation. Covariance analysis of the findings of this research showed that rehabilitation exercises along with vitamin D intake caused a non-significant increase in insulin sensitivity in the control groups (36.3 ± 63.4), patient- exercise (37.2 ± 11.2), patient - exercise - placebo(37 ± 2.22) and patient - exercise - vitamin D (37 ± 12.1) and pancreatic beta cell function of control groups (1.5 ± 1.1), patient - exercise (1.1 ± 1.9), patient - exercise - placebo (1.6 ± 1.77) and patient - exercise - vitamin D (1.9 ± 3.2). Also, ten sessions of rehabilitation exercises with vitamin D consumption caused a non-significant decrease in insulin resistance in the control groups (1.2 ± 56.7), patient-exercise (1.7 ± 45.1), Patient-exercise-placebo (12.2 ± 1.3) and patient - exercise - vitamin D (33.3 ± 1.1).

The findings of this research showed that ten weeks of rehabilitation exercises combined with vitamin D intake caused a significant increase in osteocalcin and insulin and a significant decrease in blood glucose in patients with osteosarcoma cancer.

Success in sports activities performance depends on many factors, including nutritional status of athletes therefor the aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of 4 weeks of glutamine supplementation on factors related to physical fitness in young wrestling.

In this experimental study, 16 teenage wrestlers (18.85±1.6 in age range) participated and were randomly divided into two control (n=8) and experimental (n=8) groups. Both groups participated in their normal exercises, then the experimental group received glutamine supplement and the control group received placebo (maltodextrin) during 4 weeks. Before and after the research protocol, indicators related to physical fitness (strength, maximum oxygen consumption and speed) were evaluated. In the following, the obtained information was evaluated using independent t-test and significance level of p≤0.05 and Spss statistical software.

The findings showed that the strength of the lower and upper body muscles (p=0.04), as well as the maximum aerobic power (p=0.001) of the wrestlers in the experimental group was significantly higher than the control group. However, there was no significant difference (p=0.4) in the speed of the two groups.

It seems that the consumption of glutamine amino acid supplement has an effect on the performance of physical activities and improves performance of strength and maximum oxygen consumption.

With the emergence of IoT devices, data aggregation in the area of smart grids can be implemented based on IoT networks. However, the communication and computation resources of IoT devices are limited so it is not possible to apply conventional Internet protocols directly. On the other hand, gathering data of smart meters in the advanced metering infrastructure faces challenges such as privacy-preserving and heavy-loaded authentication and aggregation schemes. In this paper, we propose an improved lightweight, secure, and privacy-preserving scheme for aggregating data from smart meters in large-scale IoT-based smart grids. The proposed scheme adopts light-weight cryptography operations such as exclusive-OR, hash, and concatenation functions. In comparison with the schemes in the literature, the analysis and simulation results show that the proposed scheme satisfies the same security levels, while at the same time burdens lower computation and communication overheads. This observation makes the proposed scheme more suitable to be employed in large-scale and IoT-based smart grids for data aggregation.

The soft technologies encompass capacities such as leveraging verses and narratives, culture, values, rituals, and more to influence the components like the spirit, psyche, mind, and others within individuals. The ritual of the Arbaeen March is considered a soft technology, as highlighted in the statements made by the Supreme Leader as a destiny-shaping technology within this domain. This research focuses on identifying and prioritizing acquirable soft technologies derived from the Arbaeen pilgrimage ritual for defense organizations, with a specific emphasis on the Islamic Republic of Iran’s Army. Soft technologies, classified based on their applications and drawn from historical contexts, have been subjected to exploration to elucidate the potential acquirable capabilities of soft technology derived from the Arbaeen March. The objective is to enhance the defense capabilities of  the Islamic Republic of Iran’s Army. By conducting a survey among experts in this field, acquirable soft technologies and prioritization criteria for these technologies have been encoded. A questionnaire, structured based on multi-criteria decision-making techniques (pairwise comparisons in the analytic network process and TOPSIS), was designed and presented to these experts. Taking into consideration the data obtained from the completed questionnaires by experts and stakeholders involved in the Arbaeen pilgrimage, the priority and importance of each dimension of soft technologies that the Islamic Republic of Iran’s Army should address have been determined. The results indicate that the primary acquirable benefits of strategic agility (آجا) from the Arbaeen pilgrimage ritual are expressed through: 1) Technologies of religion and life, 2) Cultural and social technologies, and 3) Military and Security Technologies. Intriguing analyses and noteworthy results have been derived in this regard, offering valuable insights that can serve as a guiding framework for defense organizations.