mohammad hadizadeh

Although vitamin D has been known as an effective substance in bone homeostasis, recent studies indicated a number of other biological properties attributed to vitamin D. Patients, who are candidates for hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT), were shown to be at high risk of vitamin D deficiency.

This study aimed at exploring the association between serum levels of vitamin D and biochemical markers among HSCT candidates.

Totally, 214 patients, aged 18 to 65 years, were recruited in the current cross-sectional study. Within 24 hours of admission to the Bone Marrow Transplant ward, baseline clinical and demographic characteristics of study participants, serum levels of vitamin D, C-reactive protein (CRP), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), hemoglobin, albumin, total protein, CRP-albumin ratio (CAR), and body mass index (BMI) were assessed. Participants were divided into 4 groups based on their serum vitamin D levels: Subjects with deficient, insufficient, sufficient, and optimal levels of vitamin D.

Across the 4 defined categories of serum vitamin D levels, there was no significant difference in terms of BMI, laboratory parameters, inflammatory factors, and biochemical markers. This lack of significant variation remained in both unadjusted and adjusted models.

These observations indicate a lack of significant association between serum vitamin D levels and BMI, inflammatory factors, and biochemical markers in individuals undergoing evaluation for HSTC.

The safe performance of nurses during the outbreak of the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is effective in reducing the costs and deaths caused by COVID-19 and reducing the hospitalization of patients. The aim of the present study was to investigate the head nurses' perspective on nurses' performance in providing safe care to patients during COVID-19 epidemic.

This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted during 2021-2022. The research population included all nurses with at least a bachelor's degree in nursing and at least six months of work experience. In this study, head nurses who were as evaluators had at least six months of leadership experience. The sample size was 118 subjects. The data were collected using a Safe Nursing Care Tool. Data were analyzed with SPSS 18 using an independent t test, analysis of variance and multiple regression. A value of P< 0.05 was considered significant.

The mean and standard deviation of the nurses’ age was 71.37±32.7 years. The mean of the nurses' total safe behavior score was 27.255±97.30 (at average level). There was a statistically significant relationship between nurses’ safe behavior and age (P=0.047) and nurses' working hours (P=0.005).

From the results, nurses' safety behaviors were average during COVID-19 outbreak. Therefore, to improve nurses' safety behaviors, it is recommended that nurses be regularly trained in safety concepts and provided with feedback, and their safety performance be monitored and evaluated.

 Kidney and ureter cancers are two of the most prevalent urological cancers among Iranians. However, studies on the epidemiology and incidence of these cancers are primarily regional and focus on a specific period.

 The present study investigated the trend of the incidence rate of kidney and ureter cancer in Iran from 2004 to 2016.

 In this study, information on kidney and ureter cancer cases in Iran from 2004 to 2016 was extracted from the Iranian National Cancer Registry (INCR). Crude and age-specific incidence rates (ASIR) were calculated, and the age-standardized rate (ASR) was measured, using the World Health Organization (WHO) standard population. The Joinpoint software program 4.9.0.1 was used to calculate the annual percent changes (APC) in the trend of the incidence rate of kidney and ureter cancers by age group, regional centers, and tumor grades across a 13-year period.

 During the study period, 19 659 incidences of ureter and kidney cancer occurred in Iran. The crude and ASR of kidney cancer increased from 0.98 and 1.33 per 100 000 population in 2004 to 3.1 and 3.5 per 100 000 population in 2016, respectively. In addition, the crude and ASR of ureter cancer increased from 0.04 and 0.05 per 100 000 population in 2004 to 0.9 and 1.1 per 100 000 population in 2016, respectively. The national ASR of kidney cancer APC was 22.2% (P > 0.05) from 2004 to 2006 and 4.8% (P < 0.05) from 2006 to 2016, respectively. The national ASR of ureter cancer APC was 290.8% (P < 0.05) from 2004 to 2006 and 7.5% (P < 0.05) from 2006 to 2016.

 According to the results of this study, the incidence rate of kidney and ureter cancer increased over 13 years in Iran. Hence, the implementation of epidemiological studies in various regions and provinces is crucial for gaining a comprehensive and precise understanding of the underlying causes of kidney and ureter cancer incidence.

The overall objective of this study was to identify the role of quantum management in Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences in order to present a model. The 21st century coincides with Einstein's theory of relativity, followed by his student Heisenberg, who proposed quantum theory. The message of quantum is that all the components of the universe, the universe, including human beings, are dynamic, conscious, and interconnected beings. Quantum means a moving particle with possible tendencies, and simple one-cause relationships give way to multi-cause and intertwined relationships. The basis of the quantum paradigm is based on complexity, uncertainty and cliché. In fact, the assumptions of traditional management are questionable, because traditional management is assumed to be rational, while the quantum paradigm acknowledges that not only is nothing predictable in the world, but that there is not even enough information to understand the current situation (1). The scientific development of quantum physics and its ability to explain many intangible and complex phenomena led to the use of quantum theory concepts in the form of a new paradigm in management science. This paradigm, while being able to explain many complex organizational concepts, has opened a new perspective on the science of organization and management. The quantum paradigm in management tries to use the rules, concepts and principles of quantum theory in the form of metaphors and guidelines to solve management problems and to describe and explain organizational phenomena (2). Organizations are the cornerstone of today's societies, and management is the most important factor in the life, growth, or death of organizations. A good manager guides the process of moving from the status quo to the desired situation. And at every moment, he is striving for a better future. Therefore, management is the most important issue that should be considered for the cultural, economic, industrial and political growth and excellence of society. In the past, organizational thinking has been profoundly influenced by Newtonian classical thinking. That is, the same traditional management skills that Fayol provided (including planning, organizing, coordinating, controlling, and commanding). These skills were essential to the organizational development of the twentieth century. But in today's fast-paced, complex world, these traditional management skills are useful, but not enough (3).

This research was applied in terms of purpose and descriptive in terms of survey method. The statistical population consisted of all managers and faculty members of Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences in the number of 492 people. According to Cochran's formula, 217 people were selected as a statistical sample by stratified random sampling method based on scientific rank.Researcher-made Quantum Management Questionnaire: This questionnaire has 36 questions and 7 dimensions or main components including quantum seeing, quantum thinking, quantum feeling, quantum cognition, quantum acting, quantum trusting and quantum being, which is in a 5-point Likert scale (very low, low, medium, high and very high Scored). The face and content validity of the instrument was confirmed by experts and specialists and its reliability was calculated using Cronbach's alpha coefficient of 0.81. SPSS25 and AMOS23 software and structural equation testing were used to analyze the data.

The Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin index was 0.863 and the significance level of Bartlett sphericity test was 0.0009 indicating the adequacy of the number of data for exploratory factor analysis. Based on Varimax rotation, seven dimensions: quantum seeing, quantum thinking, quantum feeling, quantum cognition, quantum acting, quantum trust and quantum being were identified. The results of confirmatory factor analysis showed that the quantum feeling dimension with a standard coefficient of 0.80 had the highest impact on explaining quantum skills. Exploratory factor analysis and determining the factor load of variables and quantum management skills items were performed by Varimax rotation method. Except for items 9, 19 and 36 of the questionnaire, whose communalities coefficient is less than 0.50, the rest of the items have a communalities coefficient of more than 0.50. Using second-order factor analysis, we present an explanatory model of each of the key factors of quantum management skills. To determine the effect of each of the variables and their importance coefficients, second-order factor analysis and standard coefficients were used. To evaluate the adequacy of the model, model fit indicators such as: NFI, GFI, CFI and IFI have been used. All of which are in an acceptable and appropriate level and the SRMR index is 0.093.

According to the research results, quantum management plays an essential role in the development of the University of Medical Sciences. It creates a suitable background for the application of this model in the management of the country's educational system. Today, rapid and continuous environmental changes have complexly derailed educational organizations and, consequently, Universities of Medical Sciences. Under such circumstances, managers' ability to plan, organize, direct, and control has become increasingly challenged. Quantum management changes and reverses the view of universities administrators in looking at phenomena from the top down and from the outside in. This is possible by equipping with quantum skills, which include; quantum seeing, quantum thinking, quantum feeling, quantum cognition, quantum acting, quantum trust, and quantum being. In medical sciences universities, due to the complexities of technology and the unstable conditions of the organizational environment, widespread competition, widening gaps, declining quality, globalization of education goals, concerns about preservation of identity, limited resources, etc., maintaining stagnation and preventing change. Management theories are classic, they do not have the desired efficiency. In order to eliminate or reduce inefficiencies, the use of quantum management principles enables managers to look at issues in a consultative rather than traditional way, to think creatively and intuitively, to have active positive emotions, and to be accountable to the organization. And prioritize their community. Trust the working life of staff and faculty. Managers must build a strong communication network between themselves and other people in the organization based on mutual trust and, most importantly, be prepared for any organizational change and create participation and innovation to adapt to the new conditions of the organizational environment.

Cancer and in particular Breast cancer are among the diseases that have the highest mortality rate in Iran after heart disease. The accurate prognosis for Breast cancer is important, and the presence of various symptoms and features of this disease makes it difficult for doctors to diagnose. This study aimed to identify the factors affecting Breast cancer, modeling and ultimately diagnosing the risk of Breast cancer.

In the present study, first, by content analysis and library studies, the effective factors in Breast cancer were identified, then with the help of a team of experts consisting of physicians and subspecialists in Breast oncology and Breast surgery; With the help of the Delphi method, the factors were adjusted and 26 final factors that were numerically correct and string based on local and climatic conditions were approved. Then, according to the final factors and based on the medical records of 5208 patients in the Cancer Research Center of Shahid Beheshti University of medical sciences, to diagnose cancer, Decision Tree, Random Forest, and Support Vector Machine methods were used as machine learning methods.

In the first step, by content analysis method, 29 effective factors in Breast cancer were identified. Then, taking into account the indigenous and climatic conditions and using the Delphi method and also using the opinions of 18 Experts during three years, 26 factors were finalized. In the final step, using the medical records of the patients and the results obtained from the three methods mentioned, random forest, had the highest accuracy of 94.75% and precision of 97.26% in diagnosing Breast cancer. It has been noted that, compared to other similar studies, indigenous databases have been exploited, the accuracy obtained has been very close to previous studies, and in many cases much better.

Using the random forest method and taking advantage of the factors affecting Breast cancer, the ability to diagnose cancer has been provided with greatest accuracy.

Quantum paradigm in management is one of the effective management methods that has been considered by many specialists in management science. Accordingly, the present study aims to present the method of quantum management in medical universities. This study is a review by searching Persian and English articles in databases: Google Scholar, SID, Pub Med, Scopus, Elsevier ISI (web of science). It has taken place during the years 2000 -2020. The search was performed using the keywords Quantum Paradigm, Quantum Management Skills and Medical Sciences. The search result was 76 articles that after screening the title and abstract of 13 articles were recognized as inclusion criteria. The results show that in the changing and complex world of the 21st century, traditional management practices are not enough to run organizations. Leaders and managers of the present era need newer methods and skills to be able to lead the organization effectively. Quantum theory establishes a new paradigm based on complexity, uncertainty, and holism. In fact, the assumptions of traditional management are questionable, acknowledging that not only is nothing predictable in the world, but that there is not even enough information to understand the current situation. The basis of success, progress and development in a meritocracy is the education system. Since the Universities of Medical Sciences are the founder of maintaining health and promoting the idea and thinking of community health, it should be able to take advantage of successful and effective experiences and models in the field of management and implement seven quantum management skills in help a stabilized and sustainable development.

 Milk and dairy products are the main sources of essential nutrients particularly for children. However, milk and dairy products can be contaminated with chemical hazards and contaminants which pose serious health risks for consumers. These toxic compounds are entered into the food chain through contaminated soil, water, and air and their presence even at low levels would result in metabolic disorders.

 The aim of this study was to determine the level of lead in pasteurized milk and different dairy products in high-consumed brands in Tehran.

 A total of 38 samples (18 pasteurized milk and 20 dairy products from the most-consumed brands) were analyzed using graphite furnace atomic absorption spectroscopy for quantification of lead level. Hazard quotient (HQ) and carcinogenic risk (CR) were used to assess health risk and carcinogenic risk.

 The results showed that the levels of lead in all pasteurized milk samples and dairy products were below the allowable limit. HQ was less than 1 in all samples and CR was in the range of 10-8 to 10-7 and both were at acceptable levels.

 It can be concluded that there was no risk of carcinogenicity in pasteurized milk samples and dairy products for children and adults. However, due to the higher consumption of milk by children and their greater susceptibility, the level of heavy metals should be monitored by health agencies.

The incidence of breast cancer is rising rapidly worldwide. Midwives have an important role in early detection of the disease by providing the patients with awareness and an accurate Clinical Breast Examination (CBE) of the patients that are effective in early detections. This study investigated the knowledge, attitudes and practices of midwives toward breast cancer.

The study was conducted on 210 of midwives aged 20-62 who participated in a seminar for clarifying the role of knowledge, attitudes and practices in breast cancer early detection and prevention. The data were collected using a standard questionnaire which has 4 sections with 55 items including age, educational level, number of family members, marital status, family history of breast cancer and their knowledge, attitude and practices about breast cancer screening. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 13.0.

About two-third of the participants (65.9%) had excellent knowledge about the signs and symptoms of breast cancer. The results revealed that 30.8% of respondents performed self-examination once a month. There was a significant correlation between the knowledge of breast cancer and adopting preventive practices (P = 0.02). The level of their attitude was significantly associated with a positive family history of breast cancer (P= 0.03). There was no significant relationship between marital status or family history of breast cancer with CBE.

An appropriate level of knowledge and practice of breast cancer screening was observed to help prevention among midwives. The findings can have remarkable practical implications as midwives can play an important role to broaden the breast-cancer-related knowledge of women.