mohammad hossein kaveh

Menopause is an important stage in a woman's life. Therefore, menopausal women should prioritize maintaining and improving their health and quality of life. Self-efficacy, social support and health enablers are among the most important determinants of health and quality of life for postmenopausal women. The present study examines the effect of an educational program based on Longwe's empowerment framework on self-efficacy, social support, and health enablers of postmenopausal women.

This study is a randomized controlled trial with simple random sampling. It was conducted on 140 postmenopausal women in Shiraz from November 2023 to May 2024. The intervention group participated in six 120-minute training sessions over 6 weeks. Data were collected using the General Self-Efficacy Belief Scale (GSES), the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (MSPSS), and a researcher-made questionnaire about women's health enabling factors before, two weeks, and four months after the intervention. The reliability of these tools were determined using Cronbach’s alpha coefficients of 0.82, 0.84, and 0.70, respectively. Data analysis was performed using Independent t, Chi-square and ANOVA Repeated Measure tests in SPSS 27 software. A p<0.05 was considered statistically significant.

The findings demonstrate a significant improvement with a medium effect size in self-efficacy (η² = 0.06, p = 0.01), and perceived social support (η² = 0.07, p = 0.006), as well as a large effect size on women's health enablers (η² = 0.19, p < 0.001).

The health promotion program based on Longwe's empowerment framework resulted in a significant improvement in self-efficacy, perceived social support, and health enablers of postmenopausal women. Therefore, it is recommended to implement empowering educational programs based on health theories for postmenopausal women in all health centers.

A woman’s first pregnancy is a significant life event, and anxieties related to pregnancy and childbirth arecommon during this time. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of a stress-management intervention based on self efficacy in primigravida women, as indicated by improvements in sleep quality, relationship quality, and marital satisfaction.

A quasi-experimental design with a control group was used. Inclusion criteria included being at 14–18 weeks ofgestation, having no concomitant illness, and attending one of four healthcare centers in South Iran in 2022. Two centers were randomly allocated to the intervention group and the other two to the control group. Of the 128 eligible pregnant women consented to participate, 39 were randomly assigned to each condition. The intervention group completed eight weekly one-hour stress-management training sessions using a blended learning approach. Data were collected using a survey administered before and immediately after the intervention. The survey included demographic information and validated questionnaires measuring self-efficacy, marital satisfaction, relationship quality, and sleep quality. Data were analyzed using independent and paired t-tests to evaluate the efficacy of the intervention by comparing changes in mean scores between the two groups pre-and post-intervention.

There were no confounding differences between participants in the two groups at the pre-test. Self-efficacy, sleep quality, marital satisfaction, and relationship quality were significantly improved in the post-test in the intervention group (P<0.01). No meaningful changes were observed in the control group.

T he r esults s uggest t hat i ntegrating s tressmanagement workshops into routine prenatal care may be beneficial. Providing facilities and support for such interventions could enhance maternal well-being during pregnancy.

Psychological well-being is a protective factor against mental disorders. This study aimed to clarify the contribution of resilience and social capital as predictors of psychological well-being as a first step toward developing evidence-based interventions to improve psychological wellbeing in healthcare workers.

This cross-sectional study was conducted on Iranian healthcare workers. Systematic random sampling was used to recruit 140 employees working in healthcare centers in Shiraz, Iran, in 2021. Data were collected using a survey that included Ryff’s Scale of Psychological Well-Being, the Social Capital at Work Scale, and the Resilience at Work Scale. Data analysis involved correlations and path analysis to clarify the relationship between predictor variables for psychological well-being in healthcare workers.

Significant relationships were found between psychological well-being and resilience (r=0.29, P<0.01), psychological wellbeing and social capital (r=0.31, P<0.01), and resilience and social capital (r=0.42, P<0.01). Path analysis revealed a significant and direct relationship between social capital and resilience (β=0.56, P=0.001) as well as resilience and psychological well-being (β=0.59, P=0.001). The direct path from social capital to psychological wellbeing was insignificant (β=0.00, P=0.93). The model explained 36% of the variance in psychological well-being.

Resilience was the most influential predictor of psychological well-being. It was associated with psychological well-being both directly and indirectly through the contribution of social capital. Promoting individual empowerment and developing resilience skills should be considered an essential approach in designing and implementing intervention programs to improve the psychological well-being of healthcare workers.

 Diabetes is a significant and costly health problem worldwide, requiring effective interventions to improve adherence. The aim of this study was to increase treatment adherence in patients with type 2 diabetes using constructs from the Health Belief Model (HBM).

 An educational intervention consisting of four sessions was conducted on 100 patients with type 2 diabetes referred to the Diabetes Clinic affiliated with the Social Security Organization in Mobarakeh, Isfahan province, Iran. The mean difference before and after the intervention in HBM constructs and self-efficacy activities was compared using independent t-tests. The association between self-care behaviors before and after the educational intervention in both groups and the expected value of a part of the HBM was examined using linear regression. The threshold for statistical significance was P<0.05.

 After the intervention, the mean difference scores for all components of the HBM and self-efficacy increased significantly in the intervention group. In linear regression analysis, perceived vulnerability was the only variable that showed a direct and significant relationship with self-care in the intervention group.

 The results of the study suggest that patient education improved all HBM constructs related to treatment adherence. This underscores the importance and effectiveness of self-care education in controlling blood glucose levels in diabetic patients.

Alcohol consumption, as a high-risk behaviour of adolescents, is a problematic challenge in health system around the globe. Iran, as an Islamic country, has been faced with this issue despite strict religious norms and heavy laws and punishment, especially after the fundamental 1979 revolution. This study aimed to analyze and use theoretical model to identify the factors influencing the intention not to drink alcohol among adolescents in southern Iran.

The cross-sectional study was conducted in mid- 2020 in southern Iran. The data were collected using available samples from among 763 tenth grade adolescents who visited health canters to receive health services upon entering school. Kolmogorov-Smirnov, Shapiro-Wilk test, independent sample t-test, and binary logistic regression (P<0.05) were the tests used in the study. The demographic and behavioral characteristics data were collected; also, alcohol consumption questionnaire based on TPB model was utilized.

The construct of theory of planned behavior could explain intention and alcohol consumption behaviour (P<0.001), and other predictors included high-risk behaviors in family (P<0.001), descriptive subjective norms (P<0.001), and the quality of the relationship with the family (P<0.001).

Theory of planned behavior has a very good ability to predict the intention and behavior of drinking among adolescents, and that intention is the strongest predictor of behavior; father’s behaviors in the family play a key role in adolescents drinking behavior. Therefore, it seems that improving the relationship between adolescents and parents should be on the agenda of policymakers.

Poor awareness of mothers toward fetal development leads to anxiety and may harm the Maternal-Fetal attachment. This study investigated the effect of an educational program based on the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) on Maternal-Fetal Attachment (MFA) in primigravid women.

This quasi-experimental study was conducted on 106 couples (in two groups of 53) using a convenience sampling method from 4 health centers, which randomly selected in Ahvaz, Iran, in 2016-2017. The intervention group participated in six sessions of maternal-fetal attachment training. Both groups were evaluated using two questionnaires before and four weeks after the intervention. Data were analyzed with SPSS-22 software using paired t-test and independent t-test at a significant level of 0.05

Mean score of MFA after intervention in intervention and control groups (63.1±4.3 vs 57.8±4.3) was significantly different (P < 0.001). Also, the mean score of knowledge (5.9±3.7 vs 4.1±5.1), attitude (78.3±3.7 vs 71.2±5.1), subjective norm (45.9±1.9 vs 41.5±3.5), perceived behavioral control (56.7±1.9 vs 50.8±3.6), and behavioral intention (12.8±2.7 vs 9.6±1.2) of pregnant mothers were statistically different between the intervention and control groups (P<0.001).

The results of this study showed that educational intervention based on TPB can be useful and effective in promoting MFA. So, it appears that this model is an effective strategy for behavior change in the field of attachment.

Nowadays, children and teenagers easily access computer games while parents are unaware of the dangers posed by excessive use of these games. The present study investigated the effect of educational intervention based on the theory of planned behavior (TPB) on primary school boys’ aggression levels.

This research was a randomized controlled trial. The sample size was determined to be 180 considering a confidence interval of 95% and test power of 90% (group 1=90, group 2=90). The sampling environment was a multi-stage cluster with four primary schools from two education districts in Shiraz City, Iran in 2013. The participants were evaluated once before the intervention and then one week and one month after the educational intervention. We used the aggression checklist (12 items) and a researcher-made questionnaire according to TPB theory, which has suitable validity and reliability. The data were analyzed using SPSS software, version 19.

There was no difference between the two groups before the intervention. After the education program, the 4 constructs of TPB, including attitude, perceived behavioral control, behavioral intentions, and behavior, increased in the intervention group compared to the control group (P<0.001).

According to the findings, it seems that the educational intervention on mothers based on TPB leads to the reduction of aggressive behavior of elementary school students.

Social capital is a valuable asset of every nation and can be considered a kind of treatment for social problems. Concepts such as trust, social norms, and social networks are influential components of social capital that can increase individual and group productivity and promote social communication. This research has been conducted with the aim of explaining the impact of the mourning ceremony of Imam Hussein (AS) on the components of social capital. This research is a review study that was conducted by searching several Persian and English databases and using keywords related to the topic. After identifying the studies and removing duplicate articles, in the first screening, the titles and related abstracts were identified. In the second screening, the final articles were identified by reading the full text of the articles. Finally, 47 articles were found that were utterly related to the keywords that could justify the purpose of the research. Therefore, it was explained the impact of Imam Hossein's mourning ceremony on the constituent components of social capital, i.e. trust and safety, networks and links, sense of belonging, values and norms, participation, proactivity, diversity, and reciprocity using selected articles and existing documents. In general, this research shows that the mourning ceremony of Imam Hussein (AS) is effective on all the components of social capital and it is a unique asset and valuable social capital in Iran that should be preserved, strengthened, and promoted.

The aim of this study was to examine the effect of a volunteer-led food safety training program based on social cognitive theory on behaviors and their determinants among community women. This is a single-blinded randomized controlled trial conducted in 8 urban health centers in Marvdasht city, southern Iran. 60 volunteers and 502 women who were selected through multi-stage cluster random sampling method participated in the study. A 4-session food safety training program was implemented for health volunteers in the experimental group (n=30). They then trained the women in the experimental group (n=260) in their local community for a month. Data were collected using validated questionnaires in the group of volunteers before and one week after the intervention and in the group of women before and one month after the intervention. Data were entered in SPSS software version 22 and analyzed using Chi-Square and comparisons between the two groups were conducted by ANCOVA. P<0.05 was considered as the significant level. The results of the study showed significant improvements in food safety-related behaviors and their determinants in the experimental groups, i.e., among both health volunteers and community women after the intervention. No significant changes in the study constructs (knowledge, self-efficacy, outcome expectations and behavior) were observed among women in the control group after the intervention. The findings of this study were in favor of the success of health volunteers in food safety training with the aim of improving food safety-related behaviors and their determinants (within the framework of cognitive theory) among community women.

Breast cancer is one of the most prevalent cancers among women worldwide. The phe scale is the first credible measurement tool to delve into critically ill patients’ experiences and emotional state and detect their level of engagement in the treatment and care process. However the Persian version of the scale needs to be further investigated. Accordingly, the present study aimed to evaluate the psychometric features of the patient health engagement scale (phe s) in Iranian patients suffering from breast cancer. This is a cross-sectional study. The sample size was estimated by multiplying the total number of items by ten. The sample size was estimated for this 5-item scale 128 breast cancer patients who referred to a specialized clinic in 2020. Content validity and reliability analysis were performed, and the data were analyzed using IBM SPSS26 software and R content validity package. The ordinal alpha of thesample was 0.626, indicating an acceptable internal consistency. The analysis of the rash model revealed an acceptable infit and outfit MNSQ (685-932). The polychoric correlation coefficient within the items was 46, representing a moderate correlation. All the factor loadings had a high value (0>60), thereby confirming the single dimensionality of the scale. The phe scale has favorable reliability and validity to assess the patients’ emotional adjustment and their engagement in their health and self-management before designing and implementing any intervention.

COVID-19 epidemic in Iran has imposed a heavy social, economic, political, and psychosocial burden and caused devastating social problems. On the other hand, it has also led to promising social cohesion. This study aimed to explore the community-wide changes following the COVID-19 pandemic and to understand how these changes may affect the Iranian community.

This qualitative study used the grounded theory approach and conducted from May 2020 to March 2021 at Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran. Adopting a purposive sampling approach, 15 faculty members in different fields participated in this study, and 17 interviews were performed.

This study indicated that the core phenomenon in the social change process was “struggling for survival and livelihood”. Therefore, people tried to identify and choose strategies to deal with or repel COVID-19 disease as a life-threatening situation. A set of contextual factors influenced their choice. The media and the performance of organizations as intervening conditions also played an important role in this process. Finally, this complex process led to constructive and destructive outcomes in society.

The COVID-19 epidemic caused various multifaceted social changes in the Iranian community. Some social consequences were constructive and contributed to community development, while others jeopardized community development goals. Therefore, the paradigm model developed in this study can help policymakers and social planners develop programs to promote community health.

Regarding demographic, socio-economic differences, and some other infrastructural factors, there are concerns about the access to and use of mobile health technology. This study aims to identify the facilitators and barriers to the use of mobile health from the perspective of users.

In this qualitative meta-synthesis, electronic databases were systematically searched. Studies included qualitative investigations published by 30th of December 2020 that examined the facilitators or barriers to using mobile health from the users’ point of view. The Critical Appraisal Skills Program checklist was used to evaluate the quality of each study. A steady comparison process has been used to identify similar structures in several studies that have been summarized in thematic constructs.

Six factors were identified as barriers and seven factors as facilitators. Barriers included difficulty in use, inaccessibility, uselessness or inapplicability, lack of adequate skills, communication barriers, and security concerns; facilitating factors included motivational factors, documentation, degree of ease, provider credibility and source of information, perceived usability, social-cultural appropriateness, and perceived benefits.

The findings of this study provide a good basis for information and communication technology practitioners as well as health care services to improve access to and use of mobile health technology by adopting appropriate policies for infrastructure development and social empowerment. Further research focusing on technological, demographic, and geriatrics aspects is suggested.

Increased proportion of the retired population and the occurrence of retirement syndrome may significantly affect the Quality of life (QoL) and the well-being of older people. Therefore, the present study was conducted to examine the effect of training intervention on retirement syndrome and QoL among retired older men in Safashahr, Iran, in 2019.

 Using a randomized block design, the quasi-experimental study was conducted on 140 retired men with retirement syndrome. The subjects’ average age was 61.24±1.36 years. The older people were selected by purposive sampling and then randomly assigned to an experimental group (n=70) and a control group (n=70). The intervention comprised five 90-minute sessions of the practical training course of exercises for over 45 days in the experimental group. The study outcomes, such as retirement syndrome and QoL, were measured before, immediately after, and two months after the intervention. The study data were analyzed using SPSS Statistics 25, independent sample t-tests, Chi-square tests, and repeated measure ANOVA. The significance level was set at 0.05.

Based on the average score of retirement syndrome (< 0.001) and its subscales, such as helplessness and failure (HF) (p< 0.001), feeling of old and idle (FOI) (<0.001), feeling of confusion and conflict (FCC) (p<0.001), and feeling of effort and a new direction (FED) (p=0.025); an average score of QoL (p<0.001) and all its subscales, including physical activities (p<0.001), physical health (p<0.001), emotional problems (p<0.001), vitality (p< 0.001), mental health (p<0.001), general health perceptions (<0.001), except for physical pain (0.347) and social performance (0.41), there is a significant difference between the two experimental and control groups, before and after the intervention.

The findings may provide valuable implications for the development of exercises among the elderly and further studies to evaluate the long-term effects of such interventions among the elderly.

One of the most challenging aspects of today's technology is mobile social networking which has had a different effect on the health and social life of individuals. The goal of this study was to investigate the relationship between the use of mobile-based social networks and general health.

This analytical and cross-sectional correlation study was done on 295 staff of Bushehr University of Medical Sciences in 2018 -2019. The data was collected using the general health and social networking addiction questionnaires. A random sampling method was used to select the participants. Descriptive statistics, T-test, one-way ANOVA and Pearson correlation coefficient were used for data analysis via the SPSS V. 24 software.

Of two hundred ninety-five participants 153 (51.7%) were male and 142 (48.3%) were female. The mean age of the participants was 36.32±6.61years.  There is a statistically significant relationship between mean score of social network addiction with demographic characteristics of sex, marital status. There is also a significant relationship between the level of general health and marital status and the amount of daily use of social networking. There is a direct and significant relationship between the amount of use of social networks and general health (P<0.05).

It seems that men and single individuals are often reported higher due to their tendency to receive information and news and to have much more leisure times. Given the positive impact of marriage on mental health in most studies, there is a need for more detailed research on the relationship between general health and marriage status.

 Many people spend more than a third of their post-maturation on work. Thus, workplace environment and climate have a great impact on individuals' lifestyles, and work environment brings a health perspective that provides a healthier lifestyle for employees.

 The present study aimed to assess the staff's lifestyles and health behaviors as well as their relationship with organizational climate.

 This cross-sectional study was conducted on 404 employees from governmental departments in Shiraz in 2018. The data were collected using a three-part questionnaire, including demographic information, health-promoting lifestyle, and organizational climate questionnaires. Data were analyzed using the SPSS-25 software. Multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) was used to determine the significant relationship between demographic characteristics and organizational climate, and health-promoting lifestyle indices. The correlations between the lifestyle dimensions of health promotion and organizational climate were analyzed.

 Age, education level, work experience, gender, and type of organization were the effective factors in the perception of organizational climate. In addition, work experience, type of organization, and the organizational climate governing the workplace were the determinants of the health-promoting lifestyle. The results revealed a significant, positive, weak correlation between the health-promoting lifestyle and organizational climate. A significant correlation was also observed between self-actualization and organizational climate (r = 0.290, P < 0.001).

 It is necessary to identify which individual and organizational characteristics should be improved to support the organizational climate to improve the health-promoting lifestyle.

The content of nutrition education and the process of behavioral change should be designed based on the principles of educational for achieving behavioral goals. This systematic study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of nutrition interventions designed mainly by health educational and promotional theory and models.

The PubMed, Science Direct, Scopus, and Cochrane databases were searched using the following keywords “nutrition behavior” or “food behavior” or “dietary behavior” and “model” or “theory” and “intervention” or “predict” from 2013 up to April 2018 in English Language.

Regarding the inclusion criteria, 25 interventional studies were assessed of 3090 primary screened investigations. Social Cognitive Theory, Empowerment model, Theory of Planned Behavior, and Health Belief Model were mostly used in the investigated studies. Most target groups in these studies were school students and women. In the field of constructs, self-efficacy and attitude mainly applied in studies seem to be the most important for researchers. In the field of educational methods, group educational methods in the forms of lectures, group discussions, and brainstorming were mainly applied by researchers.

To change eating behaviors, the study framework, duration of training, and correct training method should be designed according to the target group as well as appropriate theory and models

Decreasing and preventing isolation and social loneliness among the elderly are important fields for policymaking and action commitment in social health. Evidence shows that the nature and spectrum of an individual’s social network including the quality and quantity of social relations and contact frequency can affect the old people’s health considerably. Social participation leads to a decrease in mortality and depression and improves people’s cognitive function. Since few interventions on assessment of the effect of social participation on old people’s loneliness have been done, this study was conducted to determine the impact of the educational program of social participation on the feeling of loneliness.

This is a quasi-experimental study based on convenience sampling method, on 239 elderly people aged ≥60 years living in rural regions of Baiza. The intervention was held for the intervention group during five weeks  through five 60-80 minute educational sessions. The data were collected by CCHS-SP and UCLA Loneliness Feeling Questionnaires before and after the intervention in the experiment  and control groups. The data were analyzed usingSPSS (version19).

The significance level was assumed 0.05 in statistical analysis. After one month of educational intervention program, the mean score of social participation increased in the intervention group from 6.17±3.86 to 17.98±3.84 after the intervention. The findings showed a remarkable improvement in loneliness feeling scores of the mentioned group form 62.24±.7.53 to 28.86±6.88 after the intervention (p <.001). The studied cases in the control group experienced no significant changes in the two mentioned variables.

This study revealed a reduction in the feeling of the elderly in rural areas by predicting, improving, and modifying behaviors related to social participation and forming self-help groups in rural communities.

Perceived threat is particularly important in health-related behaviors. The aim of this study was to explain the perceived threat of unhealthy and unsafe eating behaviors in Iranian adolescent girls.

In this qualitative study, directed content analysis was used and participants were selected by purposeful sampling. Data were collected using focus groups and semi-structured, in-depth individual interviews with 60 girl students of the eighth grade who studied in the government schools of Shiraz City, Iran in 2019. Sampling continued until data saturation was achieved. Data were analyzed by Graneheim and Lundman's approach of conventional content.

From the data analysis, five categories were drawn. Perceived susceptibility comprised of (1) disease risk-increasing factors and (2) disease risk-decreasing factors and perceived severity consisted of (3) individual, (4) familial, and (5) social consequences of the disease. The perceived susceptibility consisted of the subcategories, namely, biological susceptibility or body's protective mechanisms, individual behaviors, and risky or protective environmental factors for food and health safety. Perceived severity included the subcategories: physical, mental, educational, and medical problems for the individual, psychosocial problems, and imposing heavy treatment costs on family, economic, and social problems for the community.

The perceived threat of unhealthy and unsafe eating behaviors in adolescents includes perceptions of disease risk increasing and disease risk-decreasing factors, as well as personal, familial, and social consequences following disease development. Understanding these perceptions can help adolescents engage in health-promoting eating behaviors.

Self-concept plays an important role in understanding behavioral patterns. The purpose of the present study was to explain Iranian adolescent girls' self-concepts of eating behaviors.

In this qualitative study, conventional content analysis was used and participants were selected through purposeful sampling. This study was conducted in the government girls’ schools of Shiraz City, Iran from October 2018 to March 2019. Data were collected through in-depth, semi-structured individual interviews with 42 girl students. Interviews were recorded with the audio recorder and continued until data saturation was achieved so that no new conceptual information was obtained after 35 interviews, while individual interviews were conducted with seven other individuals to ensure data saturation, and no additional conceptual information emerged from the seven interviews. The data were analyzed according to the conventional content analysis approach.

From the analysis of the data, six categories for adolescent girls' self-concepts were drawn including: (1) physical self-concept, (2) social self-concept, (3) academic self-concept, (4) self-satisfaction, (5) self-confidence, and (6) self-esteem. These self-concepts included subcategories of effective eating behaviors on appearance, physical energy status, morals, academic performance, satisfaction and happiness, self-confidence and popularity and respect.

Adolescent girls' self-concepts of eating behaviors encompass a wide range of dimensions such as physical, social, academic, self-satisfaction, self-confidence and self-esteem, and their identification is one of the determinants of the development of intention to adopt healthy eating behaviors.

Caregiving burden is defined as a specific level of  pressure and problems expressed by caregiver or family, which involves a range of psychological, emotional, social and economic problems. Further, satisfaction is described as the level of the mental happiness, self-confidence and usefulness sensed by caregiver about his/her own caregiving behaviour. The present study aimed to assess the psychometric properties of the Persian version of caregiving satisfaction (SCR) and caregiving burden of grandchildren scales (BCR) among grandparent population by considering the lack of a Persian tool for their measurement.

This cross-sectional, descriptive-analytic study was conducted on 70 grandparents who were selected through convenience sampling among the individuals referred to the healthcare centres of five southern cities in Iran Shiraz, Sepidan, Fasa, Jahrom, and Borazjan  from April to August, 2019. The questionnaires were filled out by individual interview with participants and the data were analysed through explanatory and confirmatory factor analyses and ROC curve, using SPSS 25 and Amos 21.

Two factors were extracted in each questionnaire (Regarding each questionnaire, happiness and responsibility in individual and social satisfaction in caregiving burden were extracted through explanatory factor analysis), representing 78.1 and 75.1% of total variance, respectively. The Cronbach's coefficients alpha related to these subscales were obtained as 0.709-0.859 by indicating an acceptable internal consistency.

The Persian version of these questionnaires had appropriate validity and reliability required for measuring satisfaction and caregiving burden of grandchildren among Iranian grandparents and can be used in day care and healthcare centres.

One of the main challenges of Methadone Maintenance treatment (MMT) centers is the patients’ non-adherence to treatment process in tempting situations. This study was conducted to validate the Persian version of one of the valid questionnaires on situational drug use temptation.

A cross‑sectional study was carried out on 150 men referring to MMT centers in Shiraz, Iran, in 2019. Data were collected using a self-administered questionnaire containing demographic data and Persian version of drug use temptation questionnaire with 20 items. The content validity was assessed by 15 psychiatrists and health education and promotion experts based on the Lawshe criteria. The reliability of the questionnaire was determined using Cronbach’s alpha. The construct validity was evaluated by exploratory Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and confirmatory factor analysis. Data were analyzed using SPSS 24 and Amos 24.

 Overall, 141 individuals completed the questionnaire (response rate: 94%). The mean and standard deviation of the participants' age were 37±7. The Kaiser–Meyer–Olkin test of sampling was adequate (KMO 0.913) and the Bartlett test of sphericity was significant (Chi-square 1847.65; p= 0.001). Four factors were extracted and two items were not included in any of the factors. Goodness of fit indices of structural equation model, i.e. Chi2, Chi2/df, and RMSEA were ​​ 158.504, 1.22 and 0.04, respectively, which indicated the acceptable fitness of the model.

The Persian version of the questionnaire of temptation to use drugs is suitable for use among the Iranian population.

Promoting self-care practice, as a critical strategy for enhancing the quality of life in patients with Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is a challenging issue. This study aimed to propose a model of health-promoting self-care behaviors in MS patients.

In this cross-sectional study, 200 patients with MS, who had referred to the Hospital for Special Diseases in Kerman City, Iran, were chosen. The main data collection instruments were the multiple sclerosis knowledge questionnaire, the Rosenberg self-esteem scale, multiple sclerosis self-efficacy scale, questionnaire of perceived barriers and benefits of self-care behaviors, social support, the health promotion lifestyle profile II, and resilience and sense of coherence scale. Data analysis was conducted in SPSS V. 22 and AMOS18 software. The Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) was also used for further analysis of data

The model explained 82% of variance in Health-Promoting self-care Behavior (HPB). The results of the final model obtained from the SEM showed that self-efficacy (β=0.53, SE=0.04, P= 0.007), self-esteem (β=0.39, SE=0.04, P=0.005), social support (β=0.36, SE=0.04, P=0.009), sense of coherence (β=0.34, SE=0.07, P=0.006), resilience (β=0.33, SE=0.07, P=0.018), and perceived benefits (β=0.25, SE=0.05, P=0.009) had a positive and significant relationship with HPB.

The self-care empowerment model in patients with MS presented in this study can be used as a framework for designing health promotion interventions to improve the quality of life of patients with MS.

End-stage renal disease (ESRD) is an advanced stage of chronic kidney disease requiring hemodialysis (HD). The long-term efficacy of HD in ESRD patients highly depends on treatment adherence.

This study aimed to validate the health action process approach (HAPA) questionnaire to predict treatment adherence in HD patients. Patients and

This cross-sectional study was conducted in in three teaching and two private hospitals in Shiraz during 2018. A total of 220 patients with ESRD under HD were selected using convenience sampling method. Furthermore, the validity, clarity, and comprehensiveness of the questionnaire were validated by a group of patients and experts. Then the exploratory factor analysis (EFA) was performed, and the reliability was determined using Cronbach’s alpha. Internal consistency was assessed using test-retest method (one-month interval) and calculating intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC) index.

Content validity index (CVI) and content validity ratio (CVR) were obtained 0.98 and 0.95 respectively indicating adequate content validity. Six constructs (risk perception, action self-efficacy, behavioral intention, planning, maintenance self-efficacy and recovery self-efficacy) were extracted using EFA. These constructs explained 51.4% of total variance. The Cronbach’s alpha of different constructs ranged from 0.68 to 0.82. Furthermore, the ICC ranged from 0.67 to 0.78 indicating an acceptable internal consistency.

The HAPA questionnaire is a valid and reliable tool for assessing treatment adherence in HD patients. Further studies are recommended on larger sample sizes and other Iranian populations.