mohammad jafarbegloo

This research aims to examine the main principles of Iran's foreign policy during the reign of Shah Abbas I Safavid based on the view of Hafez Farman Farmaian in the book Historical Analysis of Iran's Foreign Policy from the beginning to today and to answer the question that what principles did Shah Abbas I Safavid follow in governing Iran's foreign policy? The method of data collection in this research is library and documentary, and the method of data analysis is descriptive-analytical. The findings show that the main principles of Iran's foreign policy during the reign of Shah Abbas I Safavid were the same principles that F Farman Farmaian mentioned as the traditional principles of foreign policy. According to the findings, the principles governing Iran's foreign policy in the era of Shah Abbas were expanding and guarding the borders of the government territory, developing and protecting trade routes, supporting neutral countries on Iran's borders, and the approach of cultural tolerance and religious tolerance in the realm of governing.

The operation of the Iranian People's Fadayee Guerrilla Organization in the Siahkal forests of Gilan on 19th of Bahman 1349 is considered to be the starting point of the armed battle of the leftist groups against the rule of Mohammad Reza Pahlavi. Although the first operation of the people's loyalist guerrillas in the village failed for some reasons and led to a change in the organization's approach to carrying out activities in the city, the Siahkal operation was recorded as an important event in the history of this organization and the origin of the emergence of guerrilla and coercive movements against the Pahlavi rule.The formation of Siahkal guerrilla operations had a close relationship with the peasant community of Gilan villages on the one hand and the natural geography of this area on the other hand. The present study aims to answer the question, with a descriptive-analytical approach and relying on documentary and library sources, and with the aim of explaining the factors influencing the guerrilla operations of the people's loyalists against the Pahlavi government, what factors caused the organization of the people's loyalists to choose Siahkal village as the first place of their guerrilla operations against the regime of Mohammad Reza Pahlavi?The findings of the research show that the social structure of the villages of Gilan, which consisted of peasant and rural communities, on the one hand, and the geographical location of Gilan, the weather conditions and dense vegetation, the forest and mountainous location of Siahkal, were effective in choosing the village of Siahkal to launch a guerrilla movement by the people's loyalist guerrillas.

After the abdication of Reza Shah in 1941, his son Mohammad Reza came to power through the efforts of Mohammad Ali Foroghi and the demand of the Allies. Although, in the beginning the Shah's regime granted some political freedoms and created an open space for the activities of political parties and groups, this very freedom prepared the grounds for the opposition and dissidents to gradually emerge, protest and try to shake and destroy the foundations of the Pahlavi monarchical system. Under the circumstances, when protest and ballyhoo was heard from every corner, the Shah and his government clinched at every instrument to forward their goals. One of these effective instruments was employment of thugs. These people used knives, physical and verbal brawl, bullying and even murder and bloodshed to frighten the people. They became a tool in hands of the government. One of these people who had become a government tool was Tayyeb Haj Rezai. His role was visible in the February 28, 1953 as well as August 19, 1953 and his groups conflicts with the Nationalists in Parliament elections. The second aspect of his life story is his turning back to the Shah and joining Imam Khomeini's movement. He played a clear role in the June 5, 1963 uprising against the Shah. The present paper is an attempt to shed light on the unknown aspects of the 1953 coup and the reasons Haj Rezai joined the coup. What were his objectives, his role and his performance in the course of the 1953 coup? Descriptive-analytical method has been used in this research