mohammad javad akbarpour

Teaching the phonetic system of the target language is important in terms of the position and method of phonetic production in the sense that the phonetic characteristics of the mother tongue are included in learning a second / foreign language. The effect of mother tongue on second / foreign language learning is called language transfer. There are two types of language transfer: positive transfer and negative transfer. Positive transfer is related to the facilitative effects of language teaching / learning. In other words, in this type of transfer, the first language enhances the teaching / learning process of the second / foreign language. By contrast, the negative transfer which refers to the destructive effects of the first language on language teaching / learning. In this research, 621 minutes of Japanese language learners' speech production at the first level of a short-term education institute and study opportunities of Al-Hikma (a sub-branch of Al-Mustafa International University) were recorded and examined. An attempt has been made to examine the phonetic errors of Japanese students of Persian language from the point of view of contrastive linguistics, a strong version and in the framework of optimization theory, and to obtain the source of their phonetic errors. The method of this research is analytical-descriptive and field research. The data related to Japanese and Persian phonetic system were collected through a library research and with reference to reliable phonological sources. For each phonetic error, a table of data is provided and then one of the vocabularies is placed in the optimization table and the cause of its phonetic error is analyzed and investigated. The results indicate that the phonetic system of the Japanese language is effective in the learning of language learners and has a negative transfer. Finally, some guidelines for teaching and correcting learners’ mistakes are provided.

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) incidence has been increased in Iran as a developingcountry. Surveillance is a standard method for accessing valid data about disease epidemiology tomake relevant decisions for disease control, prevention, and management. We designed IsfahanIBD Surveillance Project (IISP) to make a surveillance system in this area.

The projectis designed in 3 phases. At the first phase, a model of step‑wise approach (core, expanded core, andoptional variables) for IBD surveillance was designed and implemented among IBD patients registeredat a major referral gastrointestinal diseases clinic in Isfahan. Data bank program and its softwarewere designed with suitable and multifunctional features. A total of 352 IBD cases were registered todata bank and analyzed as a pilot study of IISP.

A total of 352 IBD patients, including 245ulcerative colitis (UC), 80 Crohn’s disease (CD), and 27 indeterminate colitis, were registered to thedata bank. Bloody stool and abdominal cramp were the most common presentation symptom amongUC and CD, respectively. Extensive pancolitis was the most prevalent phenotype (40%) of UC. Overtwo‑thirds of our IBD patients were in remission states. Biologic agents had been prescribed in about10% of patients during disease. Primary sclerosing cholangitis was detected in about 7% and 10% ofCD and UC patients, respectively.

Valid data from a standard surveillance system area relevant, trustworthy tool for making decision by health policy‑makers. Integrated comprehensiveinterventional programs for disease control and management is the second phase of IISP.

In?ammatory bowel disease (IBD) has a signifcant impact on health?related quality of life (HRQOL). Tis study aims to investigate the variables which can be attributed to HRQOL in IBD patients.
Seventy?one patients flled in IBD questionnaire (IBDQ?32), Pittsburgh sleep quality index questionnaire, and sociodemographic questionnaire. Disease activity was assessed by Crohn’s disease activity index (CDAI) and ulcerative colitis activity index (UCAI). Te correlations of sleep quality, sociodemographic variables, and disease characteristics with IBDQ were investigated.
IBDQ?32 mean score was lower in patients who had hospitalization (P = 0.01), poor sleep quality (P Impaired HRQOL was signifcantly associated with poor sleep quality, lack of folic acid consumption, and disease severity in IBD patients. Terefore, evaluation of folic acid level and efcacy of its supplementation in prospective studies is recommended. Treatment of sleep disturbance with pharmacological agents and nonpharmacological methods should be kept in mind as well.