mohammadjavad soltani

The presence of job demands for military personnel can sometimes lead to family intolerance and dissatisfaction, resulting in issues for their children, including academic challenges like learning disorders.

The study aimed to compare the impact of metacognition training and working memory training on math performance and anxiety in tudents with military parents.

A quasi-experimental pre-test-post-test design with a control group was employed. The research included all second and third-grade elementary school students with math disorder and military parents in Bandarabbas city. Forty-five students were randomly assigned to three experimental and control groups. An 8-week intervention of 90-minute sessions for metacognition and working memory training was conducted. Data collection involved Spence’s anxiety questionnaire and math tests. Data analysis utilized MANCOVA and posthoc Benferroni tests with SPSS-24 software.

Covariance analysis results indicate that metacognition training significantly influences both math performance and anxiety (P<0.001). The impact on math performance is 0.51, and on anxiety, it is 0.42. Additionally, active memory training significantly affects math performance (P<0.001) with an impact of 0.47 on math performance and 0.39 on anxiety. Bonferroni test results reveal no significant variance between metacognition training and working memory training regarding enhancing math performance and alleviating anxiety (P<0.01).

According to this research, using a metacognitive training program and active memory training can improve math lesson performance and reduce academic anxiety in students with math learning disorders, as well as those who face difficulties or anxiety in math learning.

Over the past hundred years, West Asia has seen two types of security organizations: trans-regional security organizations that have infiltrated the region, such as the Santo Pact, and intra-regional security organizations. The plan to expand NATO activities in this region dates back to the mid-1980s, and now Trump calling for more serious activity in West Asia. Given the complex situation in the region in terms of the concentration of crises between countries and the Arab countries' acceptance of this organization, it is possible to form a new security framework in the region that can change the equation of deterrence between Arab countries against Iran. This is especially important for Iran, where most of the collective and security arrangements in the region continue to be seen as a threat of Iran. What will be the consequences of the development of NATO activities in West Asia for Iran, and how will it affect its deterrence strategy? It seems that the presence of this security organization will increase the ground for confrontation within the region and increase the movements against Iran, because with the presence of NATO, Iran will face a cycle of trans-regional deterrence. While this country has a limited regime-building power compared to its rivals.

Recent developments in the Arab world have strongly affected geopolitics in the Middle East. The collapse of authoritarian states, such as Ben Ali and Mubarak, brought the Middle East power equation into a new era. Regional powers, by redefining their national and regional interests and positions, began to expand ties with post-revolutionary regimes. Turkey, as one of the influential powers in the region, considered Arab developments as an opportunity to redefine their historical role. This increased with the rise of the Muslim Brotherhood in Egypt and Ennahda in Tunisia. The Justice and Development Party, a branch of the Muslim Brotherhood, saw the emergence of these currents in the two countries in terms of civilian and cultural expansion, making it an opportunity to strategize its relationship with the new governments in Egypt and Tunisia. The collapse of these currents from the power struggle in Egypt and Tunisia disrupted the regional strategy of Turkey, shifting its inspiration from the Middle East to the military-security phase. The tension in relations with Egypt, the military intervention in Syria is one of the consequences of this policy. The study seeks to investigate Turkey's damage to the fall of the Muslim Brotherhood and, at a later stage, Ankara's attempt to return the group to power. The research hypothesis is that the collapse of the Muslim Brotherhood in Egypt left Turkey out of the spiritual and cultural role of the region and undermined its position in ordering the Middle East crisis.

Due to the circumstances of new international system and changes in the tools of power, countries have proceeded to new tools of power for securing their national security and interests and also for confirmation of their legitimacy and their performances which are not hardware but they are known as the software. In this context, one of the sources is the political system of a country that can be an important source of soft power of a country. In this context, the system of religious democracy in Iran is the key source of soft power. This source which has long been proposed as an alternative to the Western liberal democracy in the world can be a model for Muslim nations at this present circumstances that the region is in transition to democracy, on the other hand, it can neutralize the view of Westernist and the West's accusation to the Islamic Republic of Iran. This article provides a political-cultural model of religious democracy and studies the components of religious democracy as the soft power. In this article we review the components of religious democracy using a descriptive and librarian method and respond the question of what is the efficiency of religious democracy as a key component of soft power in the Islamic Republic of Iran.

The Problem of water in Central Asia, which the Soviet economic development policy has deepened it, is among the other challenges of the Central Asian countries. The weakness of these countries to solve this problem, has expanded intervene of other countries in this region. The problem has not stemmed from Border Rivers but it is their dependency on a common source for their development. Based on the geographic condition of Central Asia, all of them have relied on one source of water. This situation makes real challenges for these newly independent states. Water tensions are essentially depending on the rivers, water. The main question of this article is: what is the impact of water on these countries? The authors do their research based on descriptive- analytical methodology by using library sources and access to internet. They show that the problem of water resources has affected Central Asian republics relations.