n. hasanzadeh

In this research, the contributions of effective factors on the structural and conformational properties of the halogenated derivatives of Vinyl azides and Vinyl isocyanates, Formyl azides, and Formyl isocyanates have been investigated using the methods of initial quantum mechanics computations. For this purpose, the quantum method of LC-ωPBE/ with 6-311+G** basis set has been used on the conformational behavior of halogenated derivatives of Vinyl azides and Vinyl isocyanates including Fluoro vinyl azide (compound 1), Chloro vinyl azide (compound 2), Bromo vinyl azide (compound 3), Fluoro vinyl isocyanate (compound 4), Chloro vinyl isocyanate (compound 5), and Bromo vinyl isocyanate (compound 6). Also, quantum computations methods were studied on the Formyl azide (compound 7) and Formyl isocyanate (compound 8). The following parameters were examined in this study: compounds stability, enthalpy, entropy, Gibbs free energy, calculated energy between cis and trans-forms, structural parameters and conformational behavior of compounds. Obtained results indicated that trans-form is the more stable form between cis and trans-forms of compounds 1 to 6 and also, the cis-forms are more stable between two compounds, 7 and 8. The stability of cis or trans-forms of compounds 1 to 8 was analyzed using the evaluation of factors and effects mentioned above.

In recent years, the limitations of the non-renewable energy sources and the rising pollution of their overuse have led the attention to renewable and clean energy sources such as the potential energy in water resources. Because of vastly used water transportation pipelines and the existing extra pressure in these pipes, it has a high potential for generating electrical power using the in-pipe turbines. In this research, the designing, simulation, and power optimization of a particular kind of these turbines (lift type) are studied. The numerical simulation is performed by Ansys Fluent commercial package software using a 3D solver for unsteady and incompressible flow in conjunction with a proper turbulence model. After introducing the turbine's effective design parameters, the simulation of the in-pipe turbine with different geometry conditions and rotational speeds is performed and discussed. Then it is tried to enhance the generated power of the turbine using trial and error by changing the geometry conditions of the rotor. Lastly, by numerical simulation of different geometries and improving the generated power, the best turbine geometry is tested for experimental validation.

Lignin is the most abundant aromatic (phenolic) polymer and the second most plentiful raw material in the terrestrial environment. It is degraded by bacteria and fungi in the natural world.  To evaluate whether the role of symbiotic bacteria in lignin degradation among termites, four colonies of Microcerotermes diversus Silvestri (Termitidae) were collected from traps in Ahvaz, Bandar Abbas, and two islands of Khark and Kish. Sample suspensions were prepared from guts in 5 ml D.H2O. The samples were cultured on nutrient agar (NA) medium. The plates were incubated at a temperature of 270C for 24-72 h. Different types of bacteria with different colony morphologies were selected and purified. To differentiate lignin-degrading bacteria, all 47 bacterial isolates were grown on different extracted lignin agar containing MSM. In total, 45 isolates were positive for lignin degradation. Culture-independent 16S rDNA sequencing in combination with classical culturing methods were applied to identify the bacteria. These were assigned to genus/species Stenotrophomonas maltophilia, Elizabethkingia anopheles, Ochrobactrum anthropic, Serratia marcescens, Lysinibacillus pakistanensis, Actinetobacter pitti, Pseudomonas spp., and Bacillus spp.  To specify the amount of ligninolytic activity, family selected bacteria were grown on lignin agar medium.  Dye decolorization in culture plate assays with Methylene Blue was evaluated. Clear zones in agar around the isolates were measured.

Soil erosion is one of the most serious environmental issues in the world, causing soil degradation, reduction of land productivity, increasing flood, water pollution and pollutions transportation; it is also a serious threat to sustainable development in the world. Therefore, the soil conservation and the prevention of soil erosion and use of conditioners as the nanoclay can be considered as a solution to improve   land productivity and protect environment. The present study was, therefore, conducted to address the effect of the application of montmorillonite nanoclay with three rates of 0.03, 0.06 and 0.09 t ha-1 on changing runoff and soil loss variables under laboratory conditions. The results showed that the nanoclay with the rate of 0.03 t ha-1 could decrease the runoff coefficient, soil loss and sediment concentration with the rate of 40.65, 88.38 and 82.19 percent, respectively. The average of soil loss in control treatment and conservation treatments of nanoclay with various rates was measured to be 3.76, 0.44, 1.33 and 3.16 g, respectively. Also, the results showed that the most sediment concentration was the control treatment with the rate of 5.84 g l-1 and the conservation treatments with nanoclay in the applied rates was 1.04, 3.47 and 2.96 g l-1, respectively. Also, the results showed that the nanoclay effect was significant on changing the soil loss and sediment concentration at the level of 99 percent. Finally, due to the effect, the use of this conditioner in natural conditions and investigation of the effects on environment and aggregates stability are recommended.

The edible insects are consumed as an alternative animal protein source by most Asian countries. Since there is a limited evidence for their safety particularly from microbiological aspects, an attempt was made to assess the microbial population of Tenebrio molitor L. samples in laboratory conditions. Primary stocks were purchased from a local market, in Sari- a city in north of Iran. Microbial samples were prepared from both body surfaces and guts of insect. Samples were individually and cultured on nutrient agar (NA), incubated at taken 270C for 24-72h. Distinguished colonies were isolated and purified. Based on phenotypic characteristics, hypersensitive response (HR) on geranium leaves, as well as 16S rRNA gene sequencing analysis, the isolates were categorized into two groups. The pathogenic isolates were identified as Bacillus cereus, Staphylococcus sp, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Enterobacter asburiae, Bacillus firmus and Serratia marcescens. Whereas, the nonpathogenic bacteria were assigned as Enterobacter cloacae and Bacillus thuringiensis. Undoubtedly, the presence of pathogenic microbes in the microflora of mealworm larvae by direct and indirect consumption of insect may pose a threat to human and animal health. These findings suggest an implementation of certain processing methods in order to decrease or eradicate risks of microbial contamination of diets using natural insects.