n. kumar

Economic dispatch (ED) is one of the key problem in power systems. ED tends to minimize the fuel/operating cost by optimal sizing of conventional generators (CG). Greenhouse/toxic gas emission is one of the major problem associated with the CG. Emission dispatch (EMD) deals with the reduction of greenhouse/toxic gas emissions by the optimal output of generators. The multi-objective economic emission dispatch (MOEED) problem has been formulated by considering both fuel cost and emission objectives. The main objective is optimization of fuel cost and environmental emissions from the CG in a compromised way. In this paper, CONOPT solver in General Algebraic modeling system (GAMS) has been proposed to find the the optimal solutions for ED, EMD, and MOEED problems of a microgrid. The microgrid consists of a wind turbine generator (WTG), a photovoltaic (PV) module, three CGs, and a battery energy storage system (BESS) option. The proposed algorithm has been implemented in four case studies, including all energy sources, without WTG, without PV module, and without renewable energy sources (RES). To establish the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm, it has been compared with various algorithms. The comparison result shows that proposed algorithm is more effective, novel, and powerful. Finally, result shows the effectiveness of proposed approach to optimize the objective function for all aforementioned case studies and the CONOPT solver in GAMS outperformed all the approaches in comparison. The impact of BESS on the operating/fuel cost of the microgrid has also been presented for ED. Paradigm is changing in terms of demand response in µG. Demand flexibility (DF) model has also been established with consumers demand variation in optimization process. Result with DF shows the reduction in cost and better management from demand side.

Osteodystrophia fibrosa (ODF) is a metabolic disorder affecting the skeletal system, causing progressive loss of calcified bone mass and its replacement with fibrous tissue, which may be a sequel to primary or secondary hyperparathyroidism. This report intends to document the clinicopathological findings of ODF in a flock of young goats fed primarily on a wheat bran-rich diet.

Case description: 

In a flock of 50 stall-fed goats aged 1 to 2 years, seven were clinically presented with bilateral facial enlargement, leading to dyspnea and difficulty in prehension and mastication. Among the seven clinically affected goats, four died in 2 months.

Findings/treatment and outcome: 

The clinical examination revealed bilateral mandibular enlargement and limb deformities. On radiography, the maxilla and mandible had decreased radiopacity. Fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) from the affected bones showed occasional fibroblasts and individual osteoclasts clusters. On necropsy, the enlarged mandible revealed a meaty consistency. Undecalcified histological sections of the mandible showed severe osteopenia, multiple osteoclasts, Howship’s lacunae, and extensive fibroplasia. Dietary corrective measures led to the prevention of ODF in the rest of the flock.

Excessive wheat bran feeding in stallfed goats might have led to calcium and phosphorus imbalance, resulting in nutritional secondary hyperparathyroidism and subsequent skeletal deformities. FNAC of the affected bones, gross and histological findings provide a clinicopathological diagnosis of ODF.

The present study addresses an exponentially fitted finite difference method to obtain the solution of singularly perturbed two-point boundary value problems (BVPs) having a boundary layer at one end (left or right) point on uniform mesh. A fitting factor is introduced in the derived scheme using the theory of singular perturbations. Thomas algorithm is employed to solve the resulting tri-diagonal system of equations. The convergence of the presented method is investigated. Several model example problems are solved using the proposed method. The results are presented with terms of maximum absolute errors, which demonstrate the accuracy and efficiency of the method. It is observed that the proposed method is capable of producing highly accurate results with minimal computational effort for a fixed value of step size h, when the perturbation parameter tends to zero. From the graphs, we also observed that a numerical solution approximates the exact solution very well in the boundary layers for smaller value of ε.

Tomato fruit (cultivars Hisar Arun and BSS-488) harvested at turning stage were treated with salicylic acid and evaluated for physicochemical traits and antioxidant system during storage at ambient temperature. The increase in the physiological loss in weight, lycopene and β-carotene content were significantly delayed by salicylic acid treatment and delayed the decrease in fruit firmness for both tomato cultivars. Compared with the control fruits, salicylic acid treatment significantly altered activities of SOD, catalase, peroxidase, ascorbate peroxidase, and lipooxygenase enzymes, whereas delay in increase in the MDA content and H2O2 content was observed during storage period. Our results revealed potential of salicylic acid treatment on tomato fruits in delaying biochemical changes and amelioration of oxidative damage during storage. The exogenous application of salicylic acid may thus be an effective approach in enhancing the quality characteristics and antioxidant potential of tomato fruit stored at ambient conditions.

The congestion problems with processor vacations have confronted with increasing intricacy, and their explicit transient solutions are exceptionally hard to compute. The transient solution is more significant for studying the dynamical behavior of computing systems over a finite period and predominantly utilizes within the state-of-the-art design architect for a real-time I/O system. Motivated from this, we adopt the mathematical concepts, namely continued fractions and generating function, to derive explicit expressions for transient-state probabilities. Transient-state probabilities of the processing delay problem with a single processor which adopts the multiple vacations policy to save power consumption and thermal trip error with discouragement and feedback are obtained in terms of modified Bessel functions using the properties of the confluent hypergeometric function. Due to the inaccessibility of processor, discouragement behaviors balking and reneging of the job requests are prone to exhibit. Routing back for the service feedback for the processed job request is also critical to maintaining the quality of service $(QoS)$. For the glance of the I/O system performance, the expected value of the state of the computing system using stationary queue-size distribution is also derived.

The COVID-19 pandemic has created a global health crisis that had a deep impact on the world and our everyday lives. The deadly virus i.e. SARS-CoV-2 has rapidly spread around the world, posing enormous health, social, economic, and environmental challenges to the entire human population. Countries around the world have implemented complete or partial lockdown measures to mitigate the spread of the coronavirus. Corona lockdown has profound social implications and it has sparked fears of impending economic trouble and recession.

However, this lockdown has also shown some positive effects on the natural environment due to the reduction of pollutant loading from vehicle emission, industries, and other sources. Based on a review of recent research in the relevant area, this paper assesses the effect of COVID-19 pandemic on air and water quality as well as on environmental noise.

A substantial reduction in the level of noxious NO2, particulate matter, and carbon emissions have been observed during the lockdown period, the lockdown also led to an appreciable drop in BOD (biological oxygen demand) and a significant increase in DO (dissolved oxygen) of different river water globally. In addition to this, the anthropogenic noise level has fallen by about one-third due to the COVID-19 lockdown.

This study reveals that there is a substantial possibility for healing the environment from the detrimental effects of anthropogenic activities through partial or temporary lockdown measures.