فهرست مطالب nasim zanguee

In this study, in order to use prebiotics as one of the best solutions to maintain the health of farmed aquatic animals and increase their resistance against pathogens instead of antibiotics, the effects of different levels of galatooligosaccharide (GOS) prebiotics on growth performance, biochemical body composition, and some blood serum indices were investigated. Therefore, two hundred and forty fish were randomly distributed into 12 tanks with capacity of 100 L in four treatments with three replicates. Experimental treatments included control (no GOS added), T1: 1% dietary GOS added, T2: 2% dietary GOS, and T3: 4% dietary GOS. The fish were fed ad libitum two times daily for 8 weeks. The results showed that GOS improved growth and nutritional performance, body biochemical composition, and some blood serum indices in common carp. T2 exhibited the highest performance in terms of final weight (32.58 ± 1.08 g), food conversion ratio (1.57 ± 0.09), protein content of the body (14.78 ± 3.77%), serum total protein (4.66 ± 0.18 g/dL), globulin (3.34 ± 0.15 g/dL), and some other biochemical parameters of blood. Therefore, 2% dietary GOS had beneficial effects on performance of juveniles common carp.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of Azomite on muscle antioxidant defense, survival rate and resistance to Aeromonas hydrophila experimental infection in juvenile common carp. For this purpose, a total of 180 fish, with initial average weight of 20.05 ±4.15g, were randomly divided in 4 treatments and fed 4 different diets including control group (without Azomite), treatment 1 (2g/kg Azomite), treatment 2 (4g/kg Azomite) and treatment 3 (8g/kg Azomite) for a period of 8 weeks. The results showed that the muscle antioxidant defense was not significantly affected by Azomite consumption (P>0.05). However, the highest activity of catalase and glutathione peroxidase was observed in treatment 3. Oral administration of Azomite had no significant effect on the fish survival rate during the period of experiment (P>0.05). But the resistance to A. hydrophila was significantly increased and the highest resistance (the lowest mortality rate) was related to treatment 2, which showed a significant difference with the control group (P<0.05). According to results, it can be suggested that adding 4g/kg of Azomite to common carp diet can increase resistance to A. hydrophila infection without having any negative effect on muscle antioxidant defense system.

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of alfalfa (Medicago sativa) extract on hepatic enzymes performance and serum biochemical parameters of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). In this regard, 750 fish (initial weight: 10.4 ± 0.5 g) distributed in concrete pools and fed by 5 dietary treatments including 0 (control), 0.5, 1, 2, and 3 percent of alfalfa extract, respectively for 60 days. Serum parameters analysis showed that there was a significant difference between fish fed with alfalfa extract and control group. The highest and lowest levels of serum glucose were observed in treatment 4, and treatment 1 (control), respectively (p < 0.05). The highest level of total serum protein was observed in treatment 2, and the lowest was observed in treatment 5 (p < 0.05). However, there was no significant difference between control, treatments 2, and treatment 4 in terms of total serum protein level (p > 0.05). The highest level of serum albumin was recorded in control. Based on the results, different levels of alfalfa extract led to a downward trend in serum triglyceride and cholesterol levels. The highest level of serum phosphorus was observed in treatment 4, and the lowest level was observed in the control (p < 0.05). Serum magnesium levels were also affected by alfalfa extract (p < 0.05). Based on the results, no significant differences were observed between experimental treatments in serum SGOT and SGPT levels during the 60-day experimental feeding period (p > 0.05). The highest level of serum alkaline phosphatase (ALP) was in treatment 5 and the lowest level of serum ALP was observed in control (p < 0.05). The highest level of serum lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) was observed in control and the lowest in treatments 3 and 4 (p < 0.05). Based on the results, 2 percent of alfalfa extract in the diet had the best effects on serum biochemical parameters and hepatic enzymes.

In this study, the effect of dietary intake of different levels of Cumin (Cuminum cyminum) extract on juveniles of Cyprinus carpio, was studied. For this purpose, 150 common carp juveniles (with mean weight: 20.3±0.89 gr) were randomly distributed in 15 fiberglass tanks (10 fish per tank) and fed by commercial diet containing 0% (control group), 0.5%, 1%, 1.5% and 2% of ethanolic cumin extract (treatment groups). The fish were fed by apparent satiation thrice the day for 8 weeks. At the end of the experimental period, different growth parameters including weight gain, Daily growth rate, Specific Growth Rate, some condition factors, viscera somatic index, hepatosomatic index and nutritional indices including food conversion ratio, protein efficiency ratio, lipid efficiency ratio, total feed intake, net protein utilization, net lipid utilization were assessed. The results showed that administration of different levels of cumin extract in diets of juveniles of Cyprinus carpio caused an increasing effect on weight gain, daily growth rate and specific growth rate (P<0/05) compared to control group. The highest rate of these factors was observed in diet containing 2% of cumin extract and the lowest rate was for control group. According to the results of this study supplementation of 2% cumin extract to diet of juveniles of Cyprinus carpio may improve growth parameters and this herbal extract may presented as a growth promoter in carp culture.

In this study, the effect of zeotene, was studied on some growth parameters, carcass composition and immunity of common carp fingerlings. 180 fish (mean weight 20.3±0.1g) were randomly divided into 4 treatments and fed for 8 weeks, with diets containing 0 (control), 2, 4 and 8g/Kg zeotene. At the end of the experiment, the average of final weight, condition factor, feed efficiency ratio, protein efficiency ratio, hepatosomatic index and viscerosomatic index increased and FCR decreased in treatments 2 and 4 grams of zeotene (P<0.05). The highest carcass moisture content and the lowest carcass fat were related to treatments 2 and 4 grams of zeotene (P<0.05). Carcass ash in treatment 8 grams of zeotene was the highest (P<0.05). Among serum biochemical parameters, the amounts of globulin, lysozyme, complement and IgM in treatment 4 grams of zeotene was significantly higher than control and treatment 8 grams of zeotene (P<0.05). The lowest and the highest numbers of WBCs were seen in 8 and 2 grams of zeotene, respectively. The highest and the lowest percentage of lymphocytes and neutrophils were seen in 2 and 4 grams of zeotene, respectively. In conclusion, 4 grams of zeotene per kilogram diet can improve growth factors, carcass quality and immune parameters of common carp.

In this study, Effects of garlic (Allium sativum) extract on growth indices and hemolymph parameters of Litopenaeus vannamei with mean weight 18.21±0.29 g were studied for a period of 56 days. This study was conducted inside 300-liter polyethylene containers as four treatments each with four replicates and each replicate testing 5 shrimps. A basic diet supplemented by 0 (control), 40, 80 and 100 ppm of garlic extract was provided for shrimps. Shrimp biometry was performed at the end of experiment and hemolymph was collected by 2ml syringe. The results showed that garlic extract positively affected daily feed intake, feed conversion efficiency, protein efficiency ratio, molting rate (P<0.05), but no significant change in weight gain rate, specific growth rate, condition factor and hepatosomatic index (P>0.05). Also, treated showed significant changes in body protein (increased levels), fat and ash composition (decreased levels) compared with control group (P<0.05). Total hemocytes count was not affected but differential hemocytes count and total plasma protein was significantly changed treated shrimps compared with control shrimps (P<0.05). Based on the results obtained from this study, garlic extract may be applied as a food supplementation in shrimp aquaculture.

This research was conducted for studying of biological parameters of Tenualosa ilisha on spawning and post spawning time. For this reason, 60 fish were captured through three months, on September- fresh water (Karoon river in Khorramshahr) (1st station), September- marine water (Hendijan coasts) (2nd station), October-marine water (3rd station) and November-marine water (4th station). Biological parameters, GSI and gonad histological study was performed. The results showed the highest total length, total weight and gonad weight were seen in fish were captured from 1st station which has a significant different with other fishes (p

In this study, the effects of dietary intake of different levels of ginger (Zingiberofficinale) extract on fingerlings of Mesopotamichthys sharpeyi,were investigated. For this purpose, 192 fingerlings (mean weight: 11.67±0.32 g) were randomly distributed in twelve 300 litres fiberglass tanks (16 fish per tank) and fed with commercial diet containing 0% (control group),0.1%, 0. 5% and 1% of ethanolic ginger extract (treatment 1, 2 and 3 respectively). The fish were fed by 3% of body weight per day 3 Times a day for 8 weeks. At the end of the experimental period, various growth parameters including weight gain, specific growth rate, condition factor and hepatosomatic index and feeding indices included of feed conversion rate and protein efficiency rate were calculated. Carcass biochemical composition was also analyzed. The results showed that Adding of different levels of ginger extract to fingerlings diet caused an increase in weight gain and specific growth rate (P<0.05) compared to control group. The highest rate of these factors were respectively observed in diet containing 1% and 0.5% of ginger extract and the lowest rate was for control group. The highest rate of hepatosomatic index recorded for 1% of ginger extract diet (P<0.05). Feed conversion rate was highest in 0.5% of ginger extract diet (P<0.05) However there was no significant difference between three experimental and control groups for condition factor, protein efficiency rate, protein content, fat, ash and moisture content ofwhole body composition (P>0.05). According to the results of this study, adding of 1% of ginger extract to diet of Mesopotamichthys sharpeyi fingerlings cause growth inhancement.

This study was conducted to determine effects of dietary administration of different levels of ginger (Zingiber officinale) extract on digestive enzymes activity and liver composition of Mesopotamichthys sharpeyi during eight weeks. In this respect, 192 M. sharpeyi fingerlings (with initial weight 11.67 ± 0.32 g) were divided into three ginger extract (0.1%, 0.5, 1%) treatment groups in triplicates. Control group did not receive ginger extract. Feeding of fish was done based on three percent of body weight. At the end of the experiment, digestive enzyme activity (Amylase, Trypsin and Alkaline Phosphatase) and liver lipid and glycogen contents were measured. Results showed applying ginger extract enhanced activity of digestive enzymes differently. Amylase activity improved but, Trypsin activity not affected (P<0.05). The highest ALP activity occurred under 1% supplemented diet, but overall, no significant difference was observed compared with control. The highest level of glycogen concentration was observed in 1% ginger extract supplemented diet (P<0.05). The highest liver lipid concentration was observed in treatment 2 (P<0.05). In general, it is concluded that addition of ginger extract to feed increases activity of some digestive enzymes and stored energy compounds in the liver of Mesopotamichthys sharpeyi fingerlings.

The outbreak of diseases is a limiting factor in fish farms. A large number of plants are being used in traditional medicine for the treatment and control of diseases. One of such plants is ginger (Zingiber officinale). In this study antimicrobial effects of alcoholic extracts of ginger on six important positive and negative gram bacteria including Vibrio alginolyticus, Vibrio parahemolyticus, Micrococcus luteus, Staphylococcus epidermicus, Bacillus cereus, Stereptococcus zoo epidermicus were analyzed. Extraction was conducted on rhizomes of Ginger using 80% ethanol in laboratory. In order to assess antimicrobial effects of the ginger extract on the studied bacterial species, diffusion test on agar media using disk method on studied bacteria was conducted. Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC) were determined by serial dilution assay using Liquid culture in 96 wells microplates. Results indicated that ginger alcoholic extracts have inhibitory effects on the bacterial growth and is lethal for all bacterial strains. Also ginger alcoholic extract has the most and the least growth inhibitory and lethal affects on Vibrio alginolyticus and Vibrio parahemolyticus, respectively.