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Patients with uncontrolled type 2 diabetes mellitus (UT2DM) can be detected by assessing HbA1c levels. An increase in oxidative reactions is a metabolic consequence of uncontrolled diabetes mellitus that impacts both the macrovascular and microvascular systems. HSP70 levels may indicate this negative effect. Further research is required to explore the correlation between HbA1c and HSP70 and its clinical implications, which may contribute to advancements in the management and treatment of UT2DM in the future. The aim of this study is to determine the profile of HbA1c and HSP70 levels in uncontrolled UT2DM patients. This research used an observational method with a cross-section design which was carried out at PKU Muhammadiyah Gamping Yogyakarta Hospital. 125 patients were studied in the age range of 31-65 years old including 69 men and 46 women. HbA1c levels were checked using the boronate affinity method and HSP70 levels were checked using the ELISA method. Data analysis was done through the Mann-Whitney U and Kruskal Wallis difference tests and the Spearman correlation test at a significance level of α=0.05. The results showed that 39 subjects (31.2%) had moderate control and 86 (68.8%) had poor control. All subjects had increased HSP70 levels above normal limits. HSP70 levels in the poor control group were significantly higher than those in the moderate control group (p=0.000). There was no correlation between HbA1c levels and HSP70 levels (r=0.022, p=0.812). There was no correlation between HSP70 levels and age (r=0.039, p=0.663). The values of HSP70 and HbA1c did not correlate. There was no correlation between HSP70 levels and UT2DM period (r=0.049, p=0.584). HSP70 levels in the group of participants with poor control were substantially higher than those in the group with moderate control in patients with uncontrolled diabetes mellitus.

This study addresses the increasing prevalence of type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) and the need for alternative, cost-effective medications. The research problem focuses on the need to further study the dose effectiveness of Momordica charantia Extracts (MCE) on T2DM parameters, including Glucagon-Like Peptide 1 (GLP-1), Dipeptidyl Peptidase 4 (DPP-4), alpha glucosidase, glucosetransporter 5 (GLUT5), and pancreatic tissue histopathology.

The methodology employed an experimental research design with 30 Wistar rats divided into six groups, each receiving different inductions and doses. Parameters were measured using Elisa, and histological analysis of pancreatic tissue was conducted using HE staining.

The Kruskal-Wallis test revealed significant differences in each group for the GLP-1 (p=0.003). However, the DPP4 test suggested a lack of significant difference in each group (p=0.192), and the GLUT5 test showed insignificant changes between each group (p=0.119). The ANOVA analysis on alpha-glucosidase revealed no statistically significant differences among the groups (p=0.202). Additionally, a qualitative examination of the histological analysis of pancreatic tissue indicated an improvement in the condition of the pancreatic tissue.

MCE can increase GLP-1 levels, lower DPP-4, lower alpha-glucosidase, and raise GLUT5. However, there are no significant differences between other groups and the morphology of pancreatic tissue in rat model T2DM at a dose of 300 mg/kg.

Pulp capping treatment cures reversible pulpitis to restore regular pulses without feeling pain. Calcium hydroxide is often used for pulp capping treatment. Nanochitosan is chitosan in nanoparticle. Chitosan has antibacterial and anti-inflammatory properties and fulfills the requirements to be used as a pulp capping material and applied to the wound area. The study was done in vivo in a laboratory using a sample of the Sprague-Dawley mole Sprague Dawley. The study uses four groups: healthy rat groups, reversible pulpitis, given the Ca(OH)2, and the reversible pulpitis group, in which we are given nanochitosan. After 28 days, the BMP-2 and TGF-β1 levels were measured using ELISA. The results of One-way ANOVA test showed a significant value of <0.001 for BMP-2 level and p=0,016 for TGF-β1 level. There is a significant difference in the mean level of BMP-2 and TGF-β1 in the four groups. This study showed that pulpitis reversible rats that received pulp medicament with nanochitosan had higher levels of BMP-2 and TGF-β1 than those given calcium hydroxide.

The aim of this research was to describe the effectiveness of the community development model for health promotion using WhatsApp toward old women behavior in doing an early detection of cervical cancer through the examination of visual acetic acid. The kind of this research was the mixed method and sequential strategy. The model of the mixed sequential method is a procedure of research when the researcher combines the qualitative and quantitative data by mixing in different time. The research of design used sequential explanatory; did the collection and analysis the quantitative data first, then followed by collecting the qualitative data based on the result of quantitative data. The research was conducted on December 2019 to May 2020. The research location was in Bantul District, Special Region of Yogyakarta. The partcicipants in this research were elderly women that had followed the process of quantitative research. The determination of the participants number in this research was undertaken sequentially; determining the limit of the increase until reaching the data saturation to obtain the number of participants which consisted of 15 participants, while for quantitative section, 40 participants were employed. The technique of data collection used in this research was in-depth interview, observation and study documentation. Data analysis was conducted quantitatively and qualitatively. The results indicated that from 87.5 percent of participants (35 participants), 97.5 percent did the early detection of cervical cancer. Based on the results, it was indicated that the community development model for health promotion using WhatsApp was effective in encouraging changes in the behavior of the elderly in early detection of cervical cancer through the examination of visual acetic acid in Bantul District.