sohrab mohammadzadeh

The Middle East as a special security complex due to its ambiguous and complex situation has always been the scene of alliance and competition between the great extra-regional powers and the regional powers, and among them, the countries of Iran and Saudi Arabia as the two determining and possessing powers. Influence in the region, they have the necessary power to shape and influence the relations of the West Asian region. So that it can be clearly seen that the region of West Asia and North Africa is affected by the policies of the two mentioned countries and the quality of their relations with each other. Therefore, the resumption of relations between the two countries, which - after 7 years of complete termination of relations, during five rounds of negotiations in Baghdad and Oman, finally took place on March 10, 2023 with the mediation of China in Beijing and - with the signing of a peace agreement , is very important. This agreement, which has had a wide coverage in the regional and world media due to its many consequences on regional relations, raises many questions about regional issues. In this research, the authors of the work seek to investigate the effect of this special and bilateral agreement on the activism of the Palestinian resistance groups. Therefore, the main question of this research can be posed as "What effect will the agreement between Iran and Saudi Arabia have on the activism of the Palestinian resistance groups?". In response to the said question, which the authors of the work came up with a descriptive-analytical approach to answer, such a hypothesis can be proposed that: based on the theory of "structural realism" and also the theory of "Balance of threat", the mentioned agreement..