context-oriented approach

The purpose of this study is the content analysis of the science book in grade 6 to evaluate the success rate of this book in dealing with the context-oriented approach as well as the extent of its implementation from the viewpoint of the teachers in this grade. In the first part, Shannon's entropy content analysis was used to analyze the science book for the 6th grade in the academic year 2022-2023 with the help of a checklist. The statistical population of the second part includes teachers who were teaching in the 6th grade in the 6th and 18th districts of Tehran in the academic year 2022-2023. Calculating the sample size by using the Krejcie-Morgan sampling table, 103 people were estimated. A questionnaire was used to collect data. According to the findings, the coefficient of the importance of components research-oriented, collaborative learning, and the theory-practice connection is more; and problem-oriented and application are less than others. In addition, except for the theory-practice connection and application, other components are taken into consideration by teachers during training.

The purpose of this conceptual research was to explain the capabilities, the semantic platform and view point of Schema.org to processing and organization of web content objects (data entities) by analytical approach. To collection data was used documentary analysis. The research community included texts and researches related to the field of "structured data" and "Schema.org". A total of 43 sources, as well as the official website of the "Schema.org," were selected using a purposive sampling method for analysis. The results of the survey showed that Schema.org is a common vocabulary that used to describe and markup web content objects and create structured data for better processing and organization. It has a certain structure and semantic platform. Its structure is like an ontology for naming the types and properties of content objects, the relationships between types and properties, and the capabilities of describing these properties and relationships. Its semantic platform is adapted by semantic markups such as microformat, microdata, RDFa 1.1, and JSON-LD. Other results of the research showed that there are three major approaches to the processing and organizing of content objects in the Schema.org: the ontological, context-oriented, and nesting approaches. Overall research results showed existence of different approaches to Schema.org represents a comprehensive view of the Web content objects while paying attention to improving interoperability with search engines. Also, the production of structured data with such schemata is an important contribution to the realization of semantic web or web of data.