development patterns

During the 20th century, different countries adopted various strategies to achieve economic development, including development strategies such as modernization, independence, import substitution, and export promotion. Development planning was also one of the emerging trends in the political economy of the world, which was carried out in the form of these strategies with the aim of achieving faster economic development. The approach of foreign relations of many countries was also influenced by the pursuit of development goals, and therefore it was considered as one of the factors influencing the economic development of countries. The Islamic Republic of Iran has also had many experiences in pursuing economic development strategies, including modernization, and has pursued various plans in this regard. The basic question of this article is about the evaluation of the defense modernization strategy and its foreign relations approach on economic development in the Islamic Republic of Iran. In order to answer this question, the initial period of the modernization strategy after the eight-year war with Iraq and especially the first and second development programs were investigated as a case study, with a descriptive analytical method, and it was concluded that during the implementation period of the modernization strategy, although limited successes were achieved in some areas such as agriculture, but failed in major sectors including foreign trade, reducing dependence on oil revenues, economic growth, production, industrial growth, service sector, social justice and inflation.

Covid 19 is specialized in the field of medical sciences, but its scope of influence is pervasive. The Corona pandemic and all-encompassing conflicts has influenced scientifically almost all academic disciplines as well as all spheres in human life. Accordingly, from various aspects, the subject of discussions, debates and challenges has become public and scientific.  The present study focuses on corona and development, as well as the choice of potential paths ahead. In this descriptive-analytical study using archival and Internet resources, we have shown the moment and turning point of previous crises related to Covid19. Therefore, through examining how Corona plays an important and timely role as a momentary event in choosing the future course of events in many countries, the claim is examined that the present challenge as a momentary event in the form of shock, flip and crisis, lays the groundwork in many spheres of Reconstruction, correction and change. Speaking before and after the corona in describing and analyzing phenomena represents the moment of selection in selective changes; Explains looking and rethinking methods, strategies, models, and paths. corona could be a turning point in the domestic and foreign elections. With this approach to the Corona issue as a turning point, researchers may in the future divide some countries into successful and failed ones by choosing new methods, strategies, and paths with and without Corona.