process model

The concept of strategy has fundamentally arisen from the field of defense and the primary applications of strategic studies can be found in this field. Until now, various models have been proposed for strategic management, but most of these models originated from profit-oriented organizations and the field of business management, and it is rare to find a model that specifically focuses on the field of defense and is available to the public. In this study, by reviewing the research literature, it was found that the existing models in this field have shortcomings in two basic areas, one of which is the lack of models with the characteristic of command and upstream strategies, and the second and more important, the lack of the present models with the characteristic of consequence and focus only on the results. , is. In this study, by reviewing and aggregating the existing studies in the form of a process model and adding a new step to the common steps (in the form of pre-formulation of result-oriented) and result-oriented features to the steps of strategic creation, implementation and control, a process model of strategic defense management has been obtained.

The present study seeks to analyze the policy making of Basij jihadi camps based on a process model that, with a qualitative approach and an inductive approach, using the analysis of relevant documents and also existing interviews (24 people) from national, provincial officials and activists of jihadi camps, the process of the said camps in 5 steps (identification of problems and dilemmas, determination of goals, formulation and formulation of policy solutions, implementation and obtaining feedbacks, evaluation of the implemented policy) were analyzed, and finally, the analysis of policy making for the realization of upstream documents has been analyzed. The findings of the research from the interviews in the stage of implementation and receiving feedback included three main categories including managerial, organizational and environmental factors. In the field of organizational factors, the categories of "lack of educational program", "weak continuity of goals", "incomplete identification of the region" and in the field of environmental factors, the categories of "exaggeration of deprivations", "damage to native culture" are among the challenges of the implementation field. It is camps. The results of this research also show that the quality of implementing the policy of jihadi camps requires the attention of the officials and preventing the application of taste and politicking in the more favorable implementation of these camps.

Incubators are Facilitating systems for developing innovation and Entrepreneurship. These centers which have been highly regarded and continuously increased their number are prevailing motivator for economical and regional development. However, current models for incubators which are introduced in the technical literature are not coherent and each of them focused on an individual aspect of this issue. Therefore, a holistic process model is required to explain progress process of technology units and consider success parameters which are the significant gap in the technical literature in this field. Considering the above-mentioned gap, this research work is aimed to introduce a hybrid model of model collections and components which are presented in the literature by using research synthesis method. For this purpose, this study presents a comprehensive classification of incubators' model in which 112 findings in terms of 25 components and six primary fields are identified. For introducing process model of incubators' success, findings are exactly described in terms of practical and comprehensible concepts. This model which is structured in three phases including Pre-incubation, Main- incubation and After-incubation, investigates the organizational mechanisms with a process approach to improve the efficiency of incubators during the different incubation processes. External environment and local context are implemented as influencial factors.

One of the major roles of governance level in public organizations like ministries is policy making for their sub organizations. Unlikely many of ministries dont achieve their goals, because of neglect of some important stages in policy making. Purpose of this research is suggestion a process model for public organizations policy making by qualitative content analysis. Worth of this paper is on this fact that a model which is considered most aspects of policy making, doesnt exist, and we are tried to cover this deficiency. For this purpose we analyze the content of most of policy making models and 14 depth interviews. Conclusion of this research is a model with four stages including Problem Identification, policy determination, implementation and ex-post evaluation, with sub-stages and relationship between them.