جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « الهگان عربی » در نشریات گروه « علوم قرآن و حدیث »

The concept of female angels in the Qur'an has caused many difficulties for the modern Qur'anic scholars. Mentioning this concept in a conversation with the polytheists in a Meccan surah (al-Najm) can only be justified if the polytheists were already familiar with it. However, no evidence for this femininity is found not only in the pre-Islamic literature of Arab people but also in Christian and Jewish texts. This issue confuses the perception of angels as the daughters of Allāh and also causes difficulties in their relation to Arabian goddesses. The main questions are as follow: what is the origin of the female angels? How did the polytheists perceive the angels as female beings and with what justification did they consider the angels as the daughters of Allāh? What connection is there between these angels and Arabian goddesses that are al-Lāt, al-ʿUzzā, and Manāt? One of the views presented in this regard, whose sparks also go back to G. Howting, is that the concept of female-angels can only be rational based on the basis of a combined model, instead of one-component conformity. Especially in relation to a group of Mesopotamian Jews who identified the stars and other cosmic bodies with angels. According to this view, if the three aforesaid names in the Quran (al-Lāt, al-ʿUzzā, and Manāt) are used to refer to the celestial objects, and if the polytheists associate them with the angels, the problem of the Quran's disputation with the polytheists seems understandable.

Lāt, ‘Uzzā and Manāt are mentioned once in the Qur’an, Surah al-Najm (Q. 53: 19-20). Since these deities did not have positive functions in the Islamic Monotheistic System, they have not been proposed extensively. Inquiring the background of these gods and reestablishing their functions, this research clarifies the semantic context of the verses related to them. Its main question is that “what were the functions of these gods (Lāt, ‘Uzzā and Manāt) in different historical periods and to what extent they are reflected in the Qur’anic application?” The study of the symbolic aspects of these gods shows that they were praised and consecrated in the Arabic culture not only as deities of hope, but also as deities of fear. According to the historical evidence, one may conclude that these two characteristics are implicitly pointed out in Surah al-Najm, all of them return to the God of Islam, Allah.