جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « قانون بای دال » در نشریات گروه « فقه و حقوق »

Governments sometimes attempt directly to research and sometimes sponsor them based on their interests and reasons. The legal system governing the funded researches’ results and findings is one of the most important and effective factors in exploiting intellectual properties.  Some States have enacted special intellectual property rules for publicly funded research which is divided into two main models: Institutional-ownership and inventor-ownership models. In institutional-ownership model, the recipient institute of fund is the owner of the intellectual property. This model was appeared in Bayh-Dole Act in the US, afterwards it spread to the other countries.  In Inventor-ownership model, inventors and creators are recognized as the owner of intellectual property, although public institutes funded the research. Professor’s privilege rule which is used in some European countries, could be considered as an inventor- ownership model. Although in the last two decades, global trend is in adopting institutional-ownership model and even several countries with inventor-ownership model changed their legal system to the system, but still some countries emphasize on efficiency of inventor-ownership model. Meanwhile, problems of institutional-ownership model changed the direction of attentions toward inventor-ownership model in the past few years.

Research is considered to be one of the elements for development in all countries. Policymakers strive to improve and increase it in terms of quality and quantity. They also aim to manage results of researches. For this reason, governments, directly and indirectly, attempt to carry out researches and resolve society needs in some fields in which private sectors cannot or are not interested in investing and being active. Publicly funded research in developing countries is more common and most researches are carried out by public funds. Ownership and the method of utilization of research results are main issues in this area. These issues are important not only due to intellectual property, creators and innovators’ rights, but also due to the management of rights for the best economic result for the benefit of societies. This issue has been discussed in some countries since several decades ago and the Bayh-Dole Act has been the first and the most important Act that is related to intellectual property in publicly funded research. Many countries have regarded the Bayh-Dole Act as a model for adopting their legislation. This article discusses features of the Bayh-Dole. By examining Iranian law in this context, it also proposes the points which should be considered by Iran as a developing country