meta-synthesis method

The concept of innovation is one of the concepts that has been misunderstood in various areas, or confused with concepts such as entrepreneurship, creativity, or change, and has been used synonymously as an adjective for individuals and institutions, especially for the academic institutions. The present study has been conducted with the aim of investigating this concept versus entrepreneurship and also extracting the specific characteristics of the innovative university in the existing literature by a qualitative method. In this regard, the meta-synthesis method has been used as a method to create a new idea or new interpretation of the findings of previous research (26 international scientific articles and 7 domestic articles among 352 papers over a period of fifty years). Consequently, depending on the model deriving from the research, it was identified that one of the key features of an innovative university is multiple interactions, especially with civil society, and also fulfilling the social needs. Therefore, the innovative university is more reminiscent of the concept of an "adaptive university" with an emphasis on adapting to the social needs of a changing environment, rather than merely achieving financial benefits.

Entrepreneurship is defined as the dynamic process of creating wealth and exploiting opportunities to produce goods and provide services. Nowadays, entrepreneurship education has become one of the most important and widespread educational policies in both developed and developing countries, and to meet targeted policies, various educational centers and institutions have been established. The main purpose of this study is to examine the four components of the entrepreneurship education curriculum (Objectives, Contents, Teaching Methods, Evaluation Methods) for high school students and the vocational & technical trainees. The approach of this study is qualitative through synthesis of all published and digital studies conducted between 2000 and 2020. Using the meta-synthesis method, we bring experimental data together in both internal and external relevant sources in each curriculum components. To this end, 273 documents were evaluated in the field of entrepreneurial education, and finally, 67 documents were selected and analyzed. The results of the study show that most studies were conducted at the university level contexts and few studies in the student domain. The results also indicate that the most attention has been given to the objectives and contents, and the least emphasis on the evaluation methods.

The aim of this study is to have a general overview of the status and position of the value of the Guardianship of the Islamic Jurist in the goals and content of the formal curriculum and it is done with a qualitative approach in a meta-synthesis method. The data sources are official reports of 23 studies on this subject that have been published in the country for more than a decade. The findings of the meta-synthesis show that: A. in the investigated studies, the value of the Guardianship of the Islamic Jurist is studied in form of some concepts such as the values of the Islamic Revolution, Mahdawiyyah doctrine, religious discussions, the culture of self-sacrifice and martyrdom, religious-political education and religious, national and revolutionary identities, B. Relevant goals at different levels of goal-setting are sufficiently considered. However, the goals are more centered on the cognitive domain and the affective and psychomotor domains and even the high levels of the cognitive domain are not put under consideration enough. Most research findings show that the contents related to the Guardianship of the Islamic Jurist are not sufficient in terms of quantity and quality for achieving the goals. The final assessment of the meta-synthesis, representation of this value in textbooks shows that given the multiplicity and variety of educational goals, it is not realistic to expect all goals to be achieved in the content of all textbooks. Therefore, although this representation needs to be revised, it has been partially successful in attaining its goals.