variance method

The main purpose of this paper is to study the effect of energy prices reform on production costs in various Iranian industries. In doing so, researchers use the input–output approach on the basis of energy table of 2006. In this framework, two scenarios (the price of energy carriers in 2010 and predicted energy price based on FOB price in 2016) in two stages (direct and indirect effect of those mentioned scenarios) have been employed.The results of the direct effects of applying the first scenario at the first stage show that the production costs will increase more in the brick, cement, transport, storage and communications sectors. In this scenario, the highest direct and indirect effects in production costs were recorded in brick industry with a 46.51 percent increase. Moreover, the direct effects of the second scenario suggest the highest increase of production costs in the brick, cement, tile and ceramics sectors with the brick having a 94.05 percent increase- the highest in terms of direct and indirect effect.

In this study by taking into account household assets (bank deposits, participation bonds, stocks, foreign currency, gold coin, and housing), the optimal composition of asset portfolio during 1991-2011 is extracted by applying mean-variance model and using MATLAB. Findings indicate low-risk people save 68 percent of their asset in the form of participation bonds and the rest as stocks and other assets. This study demonstrated that stock and housing will increase in the asset portfolio of people with the increase in the risk of asset portfolio. such that, stock and housing account respectively for 78 and 22 percent for high risk people. Asset composition changes due to interest rate changes was also investigated in the present research. The result indicated that while the real interest of bank deposit is negative, the highest share in asset portfolio for low-risk people was related participation to bonds (77 percent). The highest share in asset portfolio for high-risk people belonged to coin (81percent). when the real interest of bank deposit is positive, bank deposit is the highest in the asset portfolio for low–risk people (75 percent) and stock is the highest for high-risk people (76 percent). There is no place for bonds, gold coins and foreign currency in that portfolio.