enabling structure

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of enabling school structure and teacher’s academic optimism on the students’ achievement. To carry out this study, the descriptive (correlational) method is used. Teacher academic optimism and enabling school structure questionnaires by 150 teachers in district 5 of Tehran guidance school that were randomly chosen were completed. The last semester student final grade points were selected as the base of measurement of their achievement. To examine the hypothesis and answer research question, the correlational coefficient and multiple regressions were used and the results confirm the hypothesis. Results showed that the academic optimism of teacher and enabling school structure have a positive and significant correlation with achievement. Among the three dimensions of academic optimism (efficacy, academic emphasis, trust) teacher efficacy had the highest correlation with achievement. Academic optimism of teacher and enabling school structure are two variables which together explained 23% of the variance in achievement.

Human resources development approach has used various strategies to improve the individual and organizational outcomes. Considering the organizational indifference and exploring strategies and mechanisms to reduce this organizational phenomenon is a challenging issue. One of important mechanisms for reducing the organizational indifference is designing of enabling organizational structure. The purpose of the present study was to predict organizational indifference based on the organizational structure. The research population of the study included the personnel of Shiraz Agricultural Jihad organization (N=733). The order proportional stratified sampling was used and the 251 employees was calculated using Cochran formula. Out of 251 questionnaires 231 were analyzed. For analyzing the data the dependent t-test, one sample t-test, repeated measures analysis and multiple regressions were used. The results indicated that enabling structure directly was significant negative predictor, and hindering structure was significant positive predictor of the organizational indifference. Based on the findings of this study, by designing and developing of enabling organizational structure, organizational indifference will be reduced.

The aim of this study was survey of relationship between organizational structure types and administrator's power resources at Shiraz University's administration division. Tow Scales were used: Organizational Structure Types (Torkzadeh & Mohtaram, 2011) and Power Resources Identification (Torkzadeh & Moeini, 2010). Validity and reliability of scales were Assessed. Research Sample were 243 persons. Results showed: 1) The dominant organizational structure Type in the research scope was enabling structure. 2) dominant power resource was reward and the lowest was information; differences were significant. 3) the ranks of administrator's using power resources was as follows: reward, environmental dominance, expert, referent, coercive, ethic, legitimate, culture and information. 4) enabling structure was a significant positive anticipant of environmental dominance, expert, referent, ethic, legitimate and information power resources and it was a significant negative anticipant of reward, coercive and culture power resources. hindering structure was a significant positive anticipant of reward, coercive and culture power resources and it was a significant negative anticipant ofother mentioned power resources.