جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « تاب آوری » در نشریات گروه « مدیریت »

Work safety and organizational cynicism can affect career ‎resilience. The current study aims to predict the career resilience of firefighters based on the work safety climate and organizational cynicism.

This is a correlational study ‎using the structural equation modeling (SEM) approach. Participants were 300 people selected randomly from the personnel of 16 fire stations in Tehran and from among firefighters working in the Tehran Fire Department. We used three questionnaires, including the organizational cynicism scale, the Nordic safety climate questionnaire, and Morgan Lyon’s career resilience scale. Data were analyzed using SEM and regression analysis in AMOS software, version 24.

The findings indicated a significant correlation between work safety climate, career resilience, and ‎organizational cynicism. The value of the maximum likelihood estimation statistic for the resulting SEM ‎model was 4673.97 (P<0.05), confirming the SEM model’s suitability. The results of analysis of variance showed that the work safety climate among firefighters was significantly different based on age, education level, and work experience.

The work safety climate among the firefighters in Tehran is not favorable . The lack of attention to firefighters’ perceptions of safety issues and the lack of attention to their livelihood and job promotion can create organizational cynicism among the personnel. There is a significant positive correlation between work safety climate and career resilience among firefighters. Thus, with the improvement of work safety conditions, the resilience of firefighters can be increased. Organizational cynicism has a negative relationship with the career resilience of firefighters.

The occurrence of events that lead to interruptions in the flow of materials, even if these events happen in a distant place, can cause disruptions on a large scale. Disruptions are sudden and unexpected disturbances caused by various factors such as natural disasters, fires, loss of vital supplies, war, cyber-attacks, economic recession, sanctions and economic shocks, terrorism, epidemics, etc. Humanitarian supply chain is a special type of supply chain with unique features, which in these conditions plays a very important role in facing, controlling and reducing the effects of disasters. Therefore, the aim of this research is to present a humanitarian supply chain resilience model in dealing with epidemic diseases such the Coronavirus.

The research method is qualitative. Based on this, using the theory derived from the data, the humanitarian supply chain resilience model was formed in organizations providing humanitarian services. The result resulted in deriving the humanitarian supply chain model in dealing with epidemic diseases.

Based on the results of the research, it was determined that the mentioned model has 28 sub-categories in the form of 6 main categories is (causal conditions of resilience, attention to the resilience of the humanitarian supply chain, background conditions of resilience, intervening elements of resilience, strategies of resilience and consequences of resilience).

With the passage of four generations of theoretical and experimental development of the smart city, it was expected that by relying on technologies such as the Internet of Things, artificial intelligence, cloud computing, and the like, this theory would be the way to face the problem and solve the complexities of resilience planning. But countless recent researches show the opposite. The root of the problem is not in the application of technology, but in the theoretical integration of smart city management and urban resilience. In the meantime, the resilience approach is a new point of view that instead of focusing on reducing vulnerability and looking at confrontation, it emphasizes increasing the resilience and flexibility of cities against natural and human hazards. The purpose of this research is to evaluate the feasibility of smart urban management to improve the resilience of Urmia city. To achieve this goal, a descriptive-analytical research method was used based on the analysis of a questionnaire that was completed by 30 urban experts and specialists. The results of the statistical analysis show that Urmia city is relatively favorable in terms of social and infrastructural resilience, but it does not have a favorable situation in terms of institutional-management, economic and physical-environmental resilience. In general, the overall resilience of Urmia city is lower than the optimal level according to the experts, so that the calculated value of the overall resilience of Urmia city is 2.90, which is less than the average level (3).

The purpose of this research is analyzing the supply shain risk management based on resilience capabilities with TISM approach in Iran's National Oil Products Distribution Company and the gasoline supply chain.
Variables were identified through a multi-grounded theory.Then, the relationships between the dimensions of the structural model was determined through TISM.
The results showed that, inherent risks, socio-political risks and environmental risks are at the top of the model and have a greater impact on other risks. The occurrence of supply, demand and processes - operational risks lead to the emergence of organizational risks. A high level of risk in the organization causes disruptions in the supply chain.Therefore, in order to respond to risks and control them, resilience capabilities have been provided. The dimensions of resilience are affected by risks and react to control them. This issue can help the supply chain achieve its goals.

Today, the role of start-ups in the economic development of societies is such that it has a significant share of planning and studies at various levels, including policy and business management models. Startups have to overcome many obstacles as they grow and mature, and non-dynamic and non-innovative groups rarely escape these developments. Therefore, in order for start-ups to be able to survive in a dynamic business environment, they need to have key marketing capabilities in a pattern that fits their life cycle, Accordingly, this research is defined with the aim of identifying marketing capabilities in start-up companies. In this regard, from a methodological point of view, it is an exploratory research that is applied in terms of purpose and mixed in terms of variables, and was conducted in a cross-sectional time horizon and with an inductive approach in a real and non-laboratory environment. Also, the geographical area of those start-up businesses located in Science and Technology Park, whose data was collected in the second half of 2019 and the first half of 2010. This research has been implemented in three main stages. In the first stage, the marketing capabilities have been identified and extracted using the literature review and previous studies. The method used in this step is systematic review. The reason for choosing this method is the accuracy and completeness of the scientific use of the main researches to minimize mistakes and random errors, and to identify the largest possible number of related studies on this issue. At this stage, the statistical population has all available valid articles and books of the last 20 years, and the validity of the used researches has been evaluated using the Kasp method. At the completion of this stage, using in-depth interviews, the list of marketing capabilities of Nova businesses has been completed. In the second step, the importance of marketing capabilities in the life cycle of start-up businesses was determined using a field survey and using a researcher-made questionnaire. At this stage, the statistical population has been the co-founders of startups based in the Fars Science and Technology Park Growth Center, and the participants were determined based on the list received from the Growth Center, based on access. The statistical population at this stage has been 242 active startups in this center, based on Cochran's relationship and with an error rate of 10%, the sample size of 69 cases was determined, and 56 questionnaires were completed based on accessibility and willingness to cooperate. The validity of the questionnaire was confirmed by formal method and based on the opinion of two academic experts and its reliability was confirmed using Cronbach's alpha coefficient (0.726).In the following, the average of the collected data was compared using the non-parametric Kruskal-Wallis test, and based on the significance of the average difference, the important capabilities at each stage of the life cycle of start-up businesses were determined and the final model was presented. Based on the findings, 56 features were identified and grouped into 13 categories. Names of groups: communication capital management, product management, marketing systems and resources, operational capability, distribution, marketing research, marketing human resources management, brand management, customer management, promotion and advertising, diversification of marketing methods, sales management, digital marketing. As a management recommendation, startups can use this model as a scientific tool for decision-making and problem-solving of the marketing capabilities of their businesses. In addition, the use of this model can help start-up companies in a dynamic business environment, by recognizing important marketing capabilities at different stages, strengthen these capabilities and add to their previous capabilities. Also, scientifically, this model has led to the expansion of the scientific scope of innovation of business models and can be a basis for research related to the management of start-up businesses.

The world is facing with the increase in natural disasters, wars and terrorism. Proper logistic planning and timely delivery of relief items before and after disasters can save lives and property of affected people. This study aims to review the literature on the concepts of resilience and fairness and their modeling in humanitarian logistics. 

The data in this study are qualitative, collected from books and articles published from 2010 to 2023 and available in online databases such as Google Scholar and Scopus. Then, using the meta-analysis method, they were analyzed using Microsoft Excel software.

Fairness and resilience are challenging issues for emergency and relief organizations. Despite the practical importance of these two concepts in humanitarian logistics, limited attention has been paid to them in literature. Some research areas included simultaneous consideration of fairness and resilience, the use of indicators to create efficient resilience in the distribution of relief items and the adoption of risk-averse approaches to estimate uncertainty, such as robust optimization.

This study highlights the importance of fairness and resilience and their measurement in humanitarian logistics. Despite their importance in humanitarian logistics, there are still research gap. Further studies can greatly contribute to improving the planning ability of emergency and relief organizations.

Resistance economy as an economic strategy to face the dependent economy and in response to the arrogant global sanctions against Iran, has been emphasized by the Supreme Leader. Resistance economy seeks to reduce vulnerability to external threats, prevent crises, and review current inefficient economic structures and systems. In the resistance economy, the effort is to reduce dependencies and make maximum use of the advantages of domestic production. Therefore, it is necessary to redesign the business models of Iranian enterprises based on this approach. In this regard, this research has compiled and explained the conceptual framework, dimensions and components of the business model based on the resistance economy approach. The approach of this qualitative research and the research method is meta-synthesis, which follows the seven-stage model of Sandelowski. In the first step, the Supreme Leader's statements regarding the resistance economy, as well as articles and research collections on the concepts of resilience and business models were carefully collected and studied. Then, the conceptual framework of business was identified with the resistance economy approach. In the following, the influencing factors on the design of the business model with the resistance economy approach were identified. For this purpose, 32 studies that were directly related to the research subject were selected and analyzed through MAXQDA software, and 169 codes were identified. In the next step, after categorizing the similar codes, finally 34 code titles were selected in the form of 9 topics and presented in the framework of the conceptual model of the research.

Several disruptions in the business environment can occur naturally or by unnatural causes. Due to the destructive effects of disasters, crises, natural and unnatural disasters on supply chain performance, organizational experts seek to study the concept of risk in the supply chain as well as how to deal with them. Resilience refers to the system's ability to cope with disruptions and swiftly return to a prior or improved state. If the supply chains are not resilient, they will suffer severe damage with any disruption; as a result, resilience is a critical issue for the supply chain. Given the significance of this issue, the objective of this study is to identify suitable strategies for enhancing resilience in the supply chain.

A metasynthesis approach was employed to identify supply chain resilience strategies. To evaluate the validity and reliability of the research, the quality assessment program (CASP) and the Cohen's kappa formula were utilized. For this purpose, by referring to the valid documents available in the databases "Google Scholar", "Science direct", "Emerald","Springer", "Elm Net", "Magiran" and "Noormagz" in the period 2000-2019 (External) and 80-98 (internal) 577 articles in the field of supply chain resilience identified, and then 66 articles related to the topic of strategies were selected. Of them, eight articles were In Persian, and 58 articles were in Latin.

With a systematic review of the literature, 68 strategies for enhancing supply chain resilience were identified: “Increase backup inventory”, “Considering the bill of materials and substitutes (BOM)”, “Production of semi-finished products”, “Strategic inventory management”, “Postponing”, “Creating flexibility in transportation”, “Channel rerouting and reconfiguration”, “Adaptation of social and environmental issues”, “Creating additional capacity in the structure of the distribution network”, “Create backup capacity”, “Compliance with sustainability”, “Increasing speed”, “Delivery during low traffic hours”, “Create redundancy”, “Achieving a high level of flexibility”, “Ensuring supply chain agility”, “Customer response”, “Demand forecast”, “Creating diversity in the portfolio”, “Product differentiation and customization”, “Building relationships with buyers”, “Smooth replacement of the product”, “Creating appropriate contractual agreements”, “Establishing public and private partnerships”, “Creating relational competencies and social capital”, “Focus on integrity and communication”, “Increase creativity”, “Efficiency and skill development”, “Establishing a relationship with the supplier”, “Use of multiple sources of supply”, “Choosing the right supplier”, “Creating flexibility in supply”, “Providing parts and goods from domestic suppliers instead of foreign suppliers (use of domestic resources)”, “Using incentives for supplier development and improvement”, “Supplier resilience”, “Production outsourcing”, “Strengthening facilities”, “Dispersion of facilities”, “Operations and Supply Chain - Focus on supply chain management”, “Designing the supply chain network (paying attention to the size of the network/structure of the distribution center)”, “Building a strong culture of collaboration”, “Use of employees overseas”, “Human resources management”, “Quality Control”, “Using Six Sigma processes”, “Improve production and process for efficiency and reduce waste”, “Implementation of lean production processes with timely delivery and low inventory”, “Implementation and use of information and communication technology”, “Increased traceability”, “Provide security”, “Improve the security system”, “Creating a risk management culture”, “Safety certificate”, “Classification planning”, “Creating contingency planning”, “Revenue management through dynamic pricing and advertising”, “Economic supply incentives”, “Possible redirection”, “Creating logistics capabilities”, “Superior transportation”, “Use of multiple carriers/ports”, “Accelerate transportation”, “Creating flexibility in transportation” and “Channel rerouting and reconfiguration”. They were grouped in 12 categories including "inventory management", "adaptability", "demand management", "communication management", "knowledge management", "and supply chain management “,” quality management “,” information management “,” risk management, Planning “,” Financial Management and Logistics Management". Finally, according to the time of their use, they were classified into three general categories: preventive strategies, concurrent strategies and reactive strategies. Some categories were placed in only one category of preventive strategies, concurrent strategies and reactive strategies, but some strategies were placed in two or three categories. A review of previous studies in this field has not provided a complete and comprehensive set of supply chain resilience strategies, and this article seeks to identify and present these strategies using a systematic review of the literature. Finally, creating flexibility, creating redundancy, ensuring supply chain agility, increasing visibility and building a strong culture of cooperation were identified as the most important strategies for supply chain resilience.

The supply chain resilience strategies are categorized into those that can be utilized before a disruption, during a disruption, and after a disruption, based on the timing of their application. In the pre-disruption conditions, adopting preventive strategies will help to prevent the occurrence of disruptions. Based on this categorization, it is essential to identify preventive strategies according to the specific conditions and implement them effectively. When a disruption occurs, the supply chain must be prepared for it and be able to respond quickly to that disruption. Consequently, identifying concurrent (current) strategies is crucial here. Thus, by adopting concurrent strategies, the supply chain can be saved from severe damage in the event of a disruption. In situations where supply chain disruption has occurred and led to supply chain disruption, it is crucial to adopt reactive (recovery) strategies to improve the situation and its recovery. In summary, the adoption of appropriate strategies is crucial, considering the specific conditions in which the supply chain operates. Managers should focus on identifying strategies that enhance supply chain resilience.

The smallest disruption in the process of a supply chain can be likened to a fault. A fault whose gap and depth can increase moment by moment. The resiliency of the supply chain of Iran's auto parts manufacturing industry, along with the possibility of dealing with these disturbances, leads to the development of exports in this supply chain. In this regard, this mixed research (qualitative-quantitative) aims to provide a model of the functional factors of sustainable resilience of the supply chain of the parts manufacturing industry. Iran's auto has done it with the approach of export development. First, in the qualitative section, 49 indicators were identified with the help of reviewing valid research records. Then, in the quantitative part, using the Delphi method and a panel of 19 experts, after three rounds, 24 important indicators were selected and the stability of the indicators was also confirmed by the opinion of the experts. In the continuation of the quantitative part of the research, the relationship between the variables was determined to achieve the pattern in the quantitative part by relying on the Interpretive Structural Modeling (ISM) method. The findings of the research were a ten-level model, where the most effective index in the tenth level was the prediction of crises such as unexpected events (storms, hailstorms, earthquakes, floods, droughts) and the most effective index was the speed and ability of emergency response.

The process of urban development has intensified in recent decades, and adaptation of the built environment and critical infrastructures are needed to increase their resilience. Some of the most important of these elements are transportation infrastructures, which is particularly important to address the resilience of these infrastructures as a strategic approach. Therefore, in this research, the resilience of the transportation infrastructures of two (region 9), four (6) and five (region 1) neighborhoods of Tehran metropolis were explained. For this purpose, 6 indicators of population density, texture of localities, design pattern of localities, Placement on the fault, enclosure, width of passage using network analysis method (ANP) in order to evaluate the resilience of transportation infrastructure the locations were weighted and classified. The results of this research showed that the resilience of transportation infrastructure in Kashank neighborhood got the highest score (4.89) and South Mehrabad neighborhood got the lowest score (2.92) in the total of indicators, which indicates better desirability and resilience. The transportation infrastructure of Kashank neighborhood is better compared to other neighborhoods, and in contrast, it is necessary to pay more attention to the transportation infrastructure of South Mehrabad neighborhood and empower them.

Therefore, the purpose of this research is to analyze the effect of strategic human resources management on the effective risk management of human resources with the mediating role of employee resilience.

The current research is an applied research in terms of its purpose, and a descripti vesurvey research in terms of collecting data and information. The statistical population of this research is 706 employees of Raja company, and the size of the statistical sample is 249 employees based on Cochran's formula. The data collection method was through a questionnaire and the data analysis method was from the structural equation modeling approach.

The results showed that the strategic management of human resources has a significant effect on the effective risk management of human resources and the resilience of employees with t coefficients of 2.56 and 9.15, and standard coefficients of 0.62 and 0.86, respectively. The resilience of employees has a significant effect on the effective risk management of human resources with a t coefficient of 52.4 and a standard coefficient of 0.77. Strategic management of human resources has a significant effect on effective risk management of human resources with the mediating role of employee resilience with a t coefficient of 3.12

Employee resilience through planned resilience levels and adaptation with approaches to increase self-confidence, flexibility and adaptability in the organization, strategic management of human resources, effective risk management of human resources by reducing the consequences of job dissatisfaction, helps to increase the performance of organization.

Given the complex conditions of businesses today and the occurrence of events such as the COVID-19 epidemic, organizations are thinking about higher operational speed and agility in the context of digital transformations. With the changes brought about by the fourth industrial revolution and digital transformations, organizations and supply chains should move towards using the components of the fourth industrial revolution. In this regard, the main objective of this study is to assess and select pharmaceutical suppliers in hospitals in line with the paradigms of viable supply chains. Considering the paradigms of viable supply chains (Lean-Agility, Resilience, Sustainability, and Digitalization), 21 criteria have been selected for evaluating suppliers. The criteria and sub-criteria have been weighted using the hybrid FDEMATEL-FBWM method, wherein the paradigms of Lean-Agility, Resilience, Digitalization, and Sustainability are of respective importance. Among the sub-criteria for evaluating suppliers, speed, distance, supply capacity, information sharing, financial capability, and crisis management have been chosen as the most important. According to the weights obtained from the mentioned hybrid method, suppliers have been prioritized using the VIKOR method. The findings of this study have been compared with the combined FAHP-TOPSIS method for validation due to the novelty of the solution method.

Today, one of the most important components of the development and survival of the organization is adaptability and resistance to unpredictable conditions and the turbulent environment of today's world. bring Considering the importance of this issue, the present research was conducted to identify the effective factors for strengthening the resilience of entrepreneurship. In terms of practical purpose, in terms of nature, and descriptive survey method, this research is in the category of mixed research with qualitative and quantitative approaches. The statistical population of the research is the experts, 30 of whom were selected based on the principle of theoretical adequacy and using the purposeful sampling method. In the qualitative part of the research, the data collection tool is a semi-structured interview, the validity and reliability of which was confirmed using the CVR coefficient and intra-coder and inter-coder tests. Also, the data collection tool in the quantitative section is a fuzzy Delphi questionnaire, whose validity and reliability were confirmed using content validity and retesting. In this research, the coding method and Atlas.ti software were used in the qualitative part, and the Delphi fuzzy method was used in the quantitative part. The results of the research include the identification of effective factors for strengthening entrepreneurial resilience, and finally 15 types of effective factors for strengthening entrepreneurial resilience were identified, among them, entrepreneurial enthusiasm, growth mindset, ease of the recovery and revival process, and the ability to deal with adversity. In the organization, they were identified as the most important factors affecting the strengthening of entrepreneurial resilience.

In the present unstable business environment, supply chains are considerably impacted by disruptions, necessitating the implementation of resilience strategies. These strategies, however, pose significant financial challenges for companies. Therefore, financing is essential in developing resilient supply chain networks. In addition to utilizing existing capital, options such as bank loans and trade credit can be employed to alleviate the financial burden and enhance working capital.  The present scholarship has failed to address the issue of financial strain resulting from the adoption of resilience strategies. Additionally, the significance of trade credit and repayment scheduling in all levels of the supply chain network also left under-researched. To fill this research gap, this paper proposes a three-tiered supply chain network consisting of main/support suppliers, factories, and distribution centers under uncertain demand conditions. The network is developed to effectively handle demand uncertainty and achieve optimal net present value and demand estimation. To solve the bi-objective model of the study, a preemptive fuzzy ideal programming approach accompanied by the implementation of the CPLEX solver is utilized. The findings lend support to the importance of securing financial support for support suppliers and establishing effective trade credit agreements across all levels of the supply chain.

Resilience is a form of foresight due to the dynamic nature of society's response to events and helps to expand policy options to face both uncertainty and change. The aim of the research was to investigate and spatially analyze resilience indicators of urban areas of Bushehr. The research method is descriptive-analytical and the data is collected by documentary and field method (questionnaire). The statistical population of the research was 30 specialists, urban affairs experts and university professors related to the subject, who were selected in a purposeful way using available-non-probability sampling. In order to determine the validity, the questionnaire was given to professors and experts, and some items were modified with their opinion and its content validity was confirmed. The reliability of the research tool (questionnaire) was evaluated with SPSS software and Cronbach's alpha test was equal to 0. 886; This value is suitable for research tools. Data analysis was done using Vicor's multi-criteria decision-making process and Shannon's entropy method. According to Shannon's entropy method, physical-infrastructural, institutional, economic and social dimensions have the weight of (0. 806), (0. 512), (0. 110) and (0. 95), respectively. The results of the current research, based on the Vicor model, showed that, in total, physical-infrastructural, institutional, economic and social resilience in the city of Bandar Bushehr with an index average of (4. 71), (3. 84), (3) respectively. ) and (2/01), is in an unfavorable situation.

The purpose of the research is to design a model of resilience in government organizations of Kermanshah province. The research method is qualitative-quantitative. This research is developmental-applicative in terms of purpose, and descriptive-survey in terms of data collection. The statistical population of the research includes government managers who have at least 10 years of experience. In order to sample; purposeful sampling method in the qualitative part was used, and in the quantitative part based on the number of extracted components, the number of samples was determined to be 396 people and the cluster method was used for sampling. In order to analyze the data, the coding method was used in the qualitative part and the structural equation model method was used in the quantitative part by PLS software. The results indicate that the causal factors include; individual, group and organizational factors. Also, the environmental platform includes; the role of the government, political and economic factors, and electronic platforms. The consequences also indicate the continuity and progress of the organization. The results of the structural equations also showed that the resilience model has a favorable fit in government organizations.
Extended abstract
Organizational resilience is a subcategory of positive organization and today, despite the attention to the term resilience and its vastly uses in various fields, there is a limited theoretical and practical understanding of this concept in its evaluation and measurement in relation to organizational resilience (Rafiyan et al, 2011). Resilience has been studied in many different fields, including management, security, ecology, psychology, disaster management, organization management, engineering, etc., but there is no definition acceptable in any field (Bergström et al., 2015). Resilience in the organizational field is not an exception to this rule. Researchers such as Alblas & Jayaram (2015), Alblas & Jayaram (2015), Chand & Loosemore (2016), and Hu et al, (2018) have considered organizational resilience as the ability to deal with changes, internal and external risks and impulses, and some such as Linnenluecke & Griffiths (2010), Alexiou (2014), and Ortiz & Bansal (2015) have defined resilience as a capacity to deal with changes, risk and impulses, and some others have considered it as an essential asset for the organization when it faces a risk (Ruiz-Martin et al, 2018). Rai et al, (2021) have considered organizational resilience as a way to deal with successive environmental crises. Organizations try to prepare themselves for all kinds of crises in advance and without fear by planning and making necessary preparations against all kinds of crises.
Resilience means developing new competencies and broad capabilities to sustain momentum by creating new opportunities. Also, in this definition, resilience is considered as success due to the ability to invest in challenges and unexpected changes. According to another definition, resilience is the ability of a person or organization to quickly design and implement positive adaptive movements coordinated with an emergency situation, in such a way as to bear little pressure. Others define it as an essential asset for the organization when it faces a risk (Ruiz-Martin et al, 2018). Therefore, the concept of organizational resilience includes resistance, compromise and adaptation as the main assets and refers to shock absorption, reorganization and learning, etc. as the main capacities. Resilient organizations are also organizations that are able to deal with unforeseen shocks such as financial crises and globalization of competition, etc., and in some cases, it makes the organization prosper. In fact, resilience can be considered a necessity in recent centuries. Today's societies are increasingly facing emergency and crisis situations that challenge social and economic stability, and they rely on the services and employment provided by organizations to achieve resilience, because organizational resilience and societies' resilience are two sides of the same coin, and this means that if organizations are not ready to respond to emergencies and crises, then societies will not be ready either (Stephenson, 2010). Resilient organizations are organizations that can overcome crises with low costs due to their preparation and planning and high flexibility. All organizations should consider resilience against threats and environmental changes as one of their important and strategic goals and consider achieving this important goal. Therefore, the present research, with regard to the earthquake that happened in some cities of Kermanshah province in 2016 and caused a lot of money and lives (about 2,000 dead and 10,000 injured), seeks to, by designing a model of resilience in the government organizations of this province, help to increase their strength and readiness, which will reduce the amount of damages to the lowest possible level in the repetition of such events. The main question of the current research is: what are the characteristics of the model of resilience in government organizations of Kermanshah province?
Theoretical framework
The word resilience was presented for the first time by Holling in 1973 in a study titled resilience and stability of ecological systems. Then this term has been used for various other forms of resilience such as individual, organizational, supply chain, etc. If we consider people as a part of societies, resilience depends on societies and is not limited to social relations and social structure. One way to create resilience is to support people to create favorable social relations through technical resilience interventions. These interventions can include the development of services, the use of resources in communities, and the creation of new social and operational values for them. The origins and meaning of resilience as a scientific concept is ambiguous (Friend & Moench, 2013). The concept of resilience is used everywhere in both physical and social sciences. However, it has different meanings at different times. In recent years, resilience has become more common in both scientific and political discourses (Meerow & Newell, 2015). In fact, there are many meanings and concepts for resilience, there are wide definitions and interpretations of resilience, many of which are taken from the academic community of ecological systems. Originally, resilience is related to hazard studies, materials science and environmental studies, and also is a concept that has been used freely and enthusiastically by a wide range of policy makers, practitioners and academic researchers in the last decade. Although the actual meaning associated with this term varies accordingly, there are actually a large number of conceptual frameworks for resilience that are increasing day by day, reflecting its complex and multidimensional nature (Breetzke & Pearson, 2017).
In relation to organizational resilience, it can be acknowledged that this category is a subcategory of positive organization, but today, even with attention to the term resilience and its many uses in various fields, especially in relation to organizational resilience, there is a limited theoretical and practical understanding of this concept in its evaluation, measurement or creation (Rafiyan, 2011). In general, two views have been mentioned in relation to organizational resilience, one of which defines resilience as the ability to return to the normal situation in the face of adversity, conflict, failure or positive events, and the other includes the development of new capabilities and the ability to expand simultaneously or even create new opportunities. Vogest also acknowledges that a resilient organization is considered to be able to maintain positive settings under challenging conditions (Hillmann & Guenther, 2021). Therefore, resilience is a necessity to respond to threats and also to adapt positively in the face of challenging conditions, accept opportunities, and provide sustainable performance (Duchek, 2020).
The current research is developmental-applicative in terms of its purpose, and descriptive-survey in terms of data collection according to the nature of the research. In order to collect data in the qualitative part, in-depth semi-structured interviews were used, which were selected through purposeful and snowball sampling. The statistical population of the research included managers who are in government organizations of Kermanshah province and had at least 10 years of experience. The statistical population of quantitative section is a small part of the employees of the government organizations of Kermanshah province, whose number is 5641 people. Sampling in the quantitative section is 5 to 15 times the number of observed or apparent components (Homan, 2017). Considering that 33 primary components have been extracted, at least 190 questionnaires should have been distributed. The sampling method in this research was cluster. As a result, 400 questionnaires were distributed, of which 396 were usable.
Discussion and The researcher analyzes the data in depth and presents them in the form of Strauss & Corbin theory (2008), and the main purpose of the research is to understand the situation. In this research process, after determining the core category, other categories are drawn in the form of a paradigmatic pattern around the core category. By using selective coding, the relationship between the categories has been identified and the conceptual model has been presented in an integrated manner. After making sure that there is a reasonable correlation and relationship between the observations and the related local variables, it is time for another important analysis, through which the statistical hypotheses of the current research will be investigated. In this part, the overview of the research model was examined first, and then each hypothesis was investigated separately.
As it is clear in the previous figures, the value of t among the causal conditions, the central phenomenon, the consequences and the environmental background is higher than 1.96, which indicates the significance of the relationships between them. This shows that the model extracted in government organizations of Kermanshah is a suitable model. Also, the coefficients between the mentioned factors are all positive. Therefore, it is positive and direct between them. Also, in Table 13, the estimated coefficients and explained variance of the research variables are reported.
 
The purpose of this research is to study resilience in government organizations of Kermanshah province. Therefore, while examining the concept of resilience; antecedents, environmental background and consequences of organizational resilience have been identified and a model of resilience has been presented in government organizations of Kermanshah province. After designing the research model, a number of interviewees were asked to express their opinions regarding the presented model so that required corrections can be made if necessary. The findings of the research were evaluated and reviewed by five university professors and three PhD. students, and necessary corrections were made while receiving opinions. In the following, explanations are given about each of the factors of the model. Based on the research model, "organizational resilience" as a central category based on the causal conditions of "individual, group and organizational factors" and taking into account the role of the government, economic and political factors and electronic platforms as a pattern is realized and leads to the creation of continuity in the organization and the progress of the organization. The research findings are in line with the results of Ruiz-Martin et al, (2018) and Lengnick-Hall et al, (2011).

This paper aims to comprehensively review the conceptualizations of "business resilience" in the context of entrepreneurship and gather different perspectives on the topic. The goal is to provide conceptual clarity and enhance theoretical and practical outcomes in entrepreneurship research.

This research is a descriptive study carried out using the qualitative meta-analysis (QMA) method. The purpose of this method is to qualitatively summarize a set of researches in terms of concepts, methods, results, context, etc. This method especially is used when the central issue has been investigated from various perspectives. By searching for research published between 2000 to 2020, containing “resilience” in the title, approximately 10,500 records were found. Filtering the document and journal titles with certain words led to 1260 records. At this stage, a group of papers was selected for further analysis by reviewing titles and abstracts. After detailed examination, 85 studies were selected for qualitative analysis and coding. Thereafter, subsequent steps for conducting a qualitative meta-analysis research including the appraisal of primary studies, preparing data, data analysis and credibility checks are followed.

The final results of the analysis are provided in three main parts. At first, the definitions of resilience were categorized into six groups. Then, similar concepts to resilience were classified into four groups based on crisis occurrence time. Finally, a network of related concepts to business resilience was developed. This network has eight parts. According to this conceptual network, resilience is assumed to have three main definitions in general. Some define “resilient business” as “a business that has survived after the disaster”, some assume it to be “a business that has recovered to the same performance level in comparison to the pre-disaster state”, and others describe it as “a business that has improved its performance to a higher level”. Also, resilience has been explained at four levels: “regional economic resilience”, “social resilience”, “business resilience”, and “resilience of the entrepreneur”. Moreover, resilience has been studied by three main approaches, namely “engineering”, “ecological” and “adaptive”. Considering the required duration to evaluate resilience, some believe that resilience could be evaluated at any “point” in time, while others declare that it is necessary to consider a “duration” of time for evaluation.

The literature on business resilience is rich at the individual and business levels but lacks research at macro levels. Integrating ecological and adaptive approaches with the engineering approach would contribute significantly to the field. It is suggested to categorize concepts into "active-passive" and "absorptive-adaptive" dualities and avoid the use of numerous overlapping terms and definitions found in the literature.

Police activities as a risky profession are susceptible to employee burnout, which is one of the causes of reducing organizational performance. This research has been done in order to determine the role of psychological factors in job burnout in the police organization

According to the objectives, this research is part of descriptive research using the correlation method. The statistical population is all the employees who are busy working in the headquarters ranks in the city of Tehran in 1401. For this purpose, a sample of 350 people were randomly selected from among the employees and were evaluated with job burnout, resilience, emotional intelligence, job stress questionnaires.

The findings of structural equation model analysis showed that there is a positive and direct relationship between stress and job burnout (t=3.05 and p=0.002); There is a negative relationship between resilience and stress (t=6.43 and p=0.000); There is a negative relationship between resilience and burnout (t=5.46 and p=0.000); There is a negative relationship between emotional intelligence and stress (t=4.15 and p=0.000) and there is a negative relationship between emotional intelligence and burnout (t=2.82 and p=0.005). The results of the bootstrapping test showed that job stress has a mediating role between resilience and employee burnout (p<0.05) and also job stress has a mediating role between emotional intelligence and employee burnout (p<0.05).

The implementation of development programs in improving the psychological factors of the police and the use of specific and effective strategies for the development and guidance of employees can be a big step in reducing burnout.

Awareness of modern developments and dynamics in different disciplines including management can dramatically contribute to the transcendence and prosperity of communities, facilitate facing crises and problems, and help accountability and complicated problem-solving skill. This applied study identified and evaluated the drivers of resilient management of businesses affected by the COVID-19 crisis using a mixed-methods (qualitative-quantitative) design. In the qualitative phase, the components of resilient management were identified with a systematic study of documents and using qualitative content analysis through three coding steps in the MAXQDA2020 software for a two-year time interval. These components were found to include organizational architecture, organizing to be accountable, suspicion and intuition, continuous assessment, delegation of authority, psychological safety, flexible groups, and rapid problem-solving capability. In the quantitative phase, the effectiveness of the components was determined by the structural equation modeling using a questionnaire in the PLS software package. The statistical population in this phase was composed of the managers and owners of businesses in selected cities. The sample size was estimated at 90 people by Cochran’s formula. The results show that all components influence the resilient management of businesses. The components of flexible groups, delegation of authority, organizational architecture, and suspicion and intuition are the least influential.