پژوهشنامه مدیریت اجرایی
سال شانزدهم شماره 31 (بهار و تابستان 1403)

Innovation is very important today for organizations that want to survive and stay alive. In today's advanced world, organizations that lack initiative and creativity have little to say in practice. Therefore, at present, to manage organizations, it is necessary to innovate and take advantage of scientific and technical achievements and pave the way for innovation and presenting appropriate plans in these organizations. In the first step, using previous studies and the opinion of experts, the criteria for the development of innovation and technology in the automotive industry are identified. second step, using the Demetel method, the internal relationships of each of the identified criteria and sub-criteria will be examined. The results obtained from the Demetel method will be used in the next step.Therefore, in the third stage, using the best-worst decision-making methods, the weight and rank of each of the finalized criteria will be obtained.The findings of this study showed that the most important components in the development of innovation in the light vehicle industry and according to the ranking of factors and challenges determined based on the strategic development Has been document of the industry to the development of innovation and technology in macro policies. But in the industry in question, the resources for innovation development have not been adequately supported by upstream influencers as policymakers and investors. Therefore, the main factors influencing development, namely sources of innovation and technological activities, and suppliers of sectoral institutions as factors affecting the development of innovation have not been able to play their basic plan.

Despite the key role of start-ups in economic development and job creation, one of the biggest problems of these start-up businesses is their legendary failure rate. One of the main reasons for the failure of these businesses is marketing limitations in the form of lack of financial resources, time, market knowledge and marketing expertise. Also, these companies lack strategic plans and their management is based on personal experience and business intuition. Entrepreneurial networking is one of the solutions that have been proposed to solve these limitations, because networking is considered to be the factor of restructuring the world trade architecture. The current research was conducted with the aim of explaining the role of entrepreneurial networking ability on the marketing performance of start-ups, taking into account the role of entrepreneurial orientation and market knowledge. The statistical population was 550 start-ups and fledgling businesses in Isfahan. The sample size was calculated using the Krejci and Morgan table of 225 companies that were selected by simple random sampling. A standard questionnaire was used to collect research data. Validity of the questionnaire was confirmed by experts and reliability using Cronbach's alpha coefficient. Data analysis was done using structural equation modeling with partial least squares approach and SmartPLS software to test fit and relationships between variables. According to the research results, entrepreneurial networking ability plays an important role in improving the marketing performance of start-up businesses; Therefore, managers who want to increase their marketing performance must identify and form strategic alliances faster than competitors.

In recent years, technological advances have led to dramatic changes in the financial ecosystem and momentum in the traditional structure of the banking industry and the need to review the traditional business models of banks. Therefore, the current study has been conducted with a qualitative-quantitative approach to explain the open banking business model in the Middle East Bank. The statistical population of this research in the qualitative part consists of middle managers of various branches of the Middle East Bank active in the field of open banking and managers of fin-techs whose statistical sample size was equal to 10 people. Also, the quantitative population of this study is the managers and employees and natural and legal customers of 16 branches of the Middle East Bank in Tehran, which was determined based on Cochran's formula equal to 370 people. The data collection tool in this study is semi-structured in-depth qualitative interviews, the data of which were analyzed using the soft systems research method, and in the quantitative part, the data were collected through a researcher-made questionnaire were collected and then analyzed by using confirmatory factor analysis and structural equations. Based on this, 94 codes extracted from interviews with experts, were classified into 74 concepts, 16 subcategories and 3 categories of customer-oriented banking, API management and regulatory developments. Quantitative findings also confirm the positive and significant impact of these three components on the open banking business model of the Middle East Bank.

In today's changing world, team creativity and its effect in the work environment has become one of the most important concerns of educational organizations. Therefore, the current research was conducted with the aim of investigating the factors affecting team creativity, including entrepreneurial leadership style and psychological safety of the team. The research population consisted of 620 teachers of work and knowledge schools and technical conservatory in Shiraz city, and a sample of 237 people was selected from this population by simple random sampling based on Cochran's formula. The research method was quantitative, descriptive and causal studies. To collect research data from entrepreneurial leadership questionnaires; Team psychological safety and team creativity were used. To determine the reliability and validity of the tool, Cronbach's alpha and confirmatory factor analysis techniques were used to determine the reliability and validity of the instrument, the results indicated the desired reliability and validity of the tool. Data analysis using the structural equation model and with the help of two Spss software. 25 and Lisrel. 8.8 done. The results of the analysis showed that: entrepreneurial leadership has a direct, positive and significant effect at the 0.05 level on team creativity and team psychological safety; Also, entrepreneurial leadership has an indirect, positive and meaningful effect on team creativity through the mediating role of psychological safety of the team. Finally, in order to be able to react appropriately to the changes and innovations of the dynamic environment around them, educational organizations and schools should use the entrepreneurial leadership style of fear and anxiety of the team of teachers to express innovative ideas. reduce as much as possible and in this way increase their team creativity.

Reflecting the destruction of the environment has led production organizations towards green management and acceptance of social responsibility. The purpose of this research is to investigate the relationship between corporate social responsibility and its environmental performance. The statistical population of this research includes all senior managers and experts of production companies located in Semnan city; In order to investigate the relationships, 200 standard questionnaires were distributed in the statistical society of the research using the available sampling method. The current research is descriptive-survey in terms of its practical purpose and in terms of data collection method. The validity of the questionnaire was confirmed based on the opinions of the supervisor and a number of experts in the field of environment and through confirmatory factor analysis, and its reliability was confirmed through the calculation of Cronbach's alpha coefficient. The research hypotheses were analyzed using the structural equation method and the partial least squares approach. The results of the research show that corporate social responsibility does not have a positive and significant effect on environmental performance, but it does have a positive and significant effect on green innovation and environmental strategy. Also, the results showed that the corporate social responsibility has a positive and significant effect on the environmental performance of the organization due to the mediating role of green innovation. Based on the results of the research, it was suggested to the managers to improve the environmental performance of their organization by using methods related to green innovation, creating areas of corporate social responsibility and promoting the environmental literacy of employees.

The present study aims to propose the concept of Strategic Innovation. In this research, the qualitative method of concept analysis was used to form concept of Strategic Innovation through abductive and synthetic methods by using existing concepts and insights. For this purpose, articles published after 2000 in the database of Google scholar, Science direct, Web of science, SID.ir and Ensani.ir, which included keywords of Strategic Innovation, were selected. Then results were filtered by the keywords of Designing, Create, Changing, Development, Competitive and Performance. Finally, after reading the abstract of articles, 73 of them deemed relevant to our study and were reviewed. Studies showed that Strategic innovation is related but different from the concepts of Designing, Create, Changing, Development, Competitive and Performance. Characteristics of Strategic innovation are Innovative organizational Culture, dynamic capability, Strategic Agility, creativity, strategic entrepreneurship and Creative Destruction. The components of Strategic Innovation are the types of Strategic innovation (organizational innovation, innovation and redesign of the processes, product/service innovation, and market innovation), the methods of Strategic Innovation (incremental strategic innovation and transformational strategic innovation), the Strategic and Entrepreneurship orientation (strategic renewal, emergent strategies, Advantage and Opportunity-Seeking Behavior, and identifying the changing priorities) and Strategic Competitive behaviors (analyzing the competition mechanisms and the new competition routes). Strategic Innovation is a meta-capability that including a sum of characteristic and components.

In many companies, it is possible to see the low alignment of marketing and business strategies. This defect leads to problems in business development, product sales, and failure to achieve the designed goals and plans. Based on the importance of the subject, the current research seeks to identify the antecedents of the alignment of marketing strategies and business strategies at the business-to-business level in knowledge-based businesses. In this research, a qualitative analysis of the interviews of 10 experts and executive managers in the field of knowledge-based businesses was done. These people were selected purposefully and collected data through in-depth interviews. After data analysis, 215 initial codes were extracted and 34 organizing themes and 10 comprehensive themes were obtained from these codes. The findings of this research indicate that the antecedents of the alignment of marketing and business strategies at the inter-enterprise level in knowledge-based businesses include 10 comprehensive themes including communication-information integration, efficiency, and human capital empowerment. Strategic pronunciation, strategic thinking, customer value management, structural-management efficiency and coherence, strategic leadership, process-operational agility, competitive intelligence, and supporting resources. Based on the results of the research, it was determined that knowledge-based companies should know that before anything and any kind of action to align the stated antecedents, the conditions of the company should be examined and the competitors and the environment should be fully analyzed and understood, and the necessary preparations for Provide alignment.

Human resource motivation, along with knowledge and attitude, is one of the vital components for understanding behaviors. This understanding of the human resource motivation process requires a systematic approach. In this regard, Vroom's expectancy theory is an almost complete theory related to human resource motivation. The present study was conducted using qualitative research and thematic analysis methods of semi-structured interviews to identify the implications and antecedents of human resource motivation in the insurance industry using Vroom's expectancy theory. The statistical population of the study included 14 managers from the insurance industry. They were selected by non-probabilistic and snowball sampling methods.  The analysis of the extracted data was done by thematic analysis method in MAXQDA software. Accordingly, 82 indicators in the form of 12 sub-categories were identified. One of them is extrinsic motivation factors, including 4 dimensions of working conditions, sense of job security, opportunities for job progress and promotion, financial rewards, and financial and non-financial rewards given to human resources. Another component is intrinsic motivation factors, including 3 dimensions of diversity and challenges related to job skills and duties, positive feedback from managers and colleagues, and appreciation or punishment to motivate human resources. Interactive justice refers to justice in the relationship between human resources and the organization. Procedural justice is related to justice in the implementation of processes and organizational policies. Distributive justice is related to justice in the distribution of resources and rewards in the organization. Eleven primary categories include human resource motivation, innovation, performance in performing tasks, organizational silence, love of work, gender beliefs about the role in the organization, job burnout, perceived organizational support, attitude towards teamwork, organizational justice, and organizational supervision. Thus, by implementing the strategies presented in the research model, it is expected that the insurance industry will achieve a significant achievement in the field of human resource motivation.

English The development of financial markets and the increasing uncertainty of its participants is the reason for the use of new financial instruments and specifically option contracts as a tool for managing risk and creating profitability, which can help the stock market to prosper, and Asian options can play an effective role. play a role in reducing the risk of these contracts. The purpose of this research is the pricing of Asian and European options using Monte Carlo simulation. And determining the price of buying options and selling options of corn, soybeans and barley is from the Asian option trading method. The statistical population of the research is based on the study of information on the price of soybeans or barley and corn from the agricultural commodity exchange of all Iranian companies from 2017 to 2019 in the form of monthly average prices. has been collected the instrument of data collection has been documents. Asian options are optioning whose main variable is the average price over a period of time. For this reason, Asian options have less volatility. Asian options belong to the so-called path-dependent derivatives. The analysis of the results came to the conclusion that the European option price is higher than its Asian one.

The occurrence of events that lead to interruptions in the flow of materials, even if these events happen in a distant place, can cause disruptions on a large scale. Disruptions are sudden and unexpected disturbances caused by various factors such as natural disasters, fires, loss of vital supplies, war, cyber-attacks, economic recession, sanctions and economic shocks, terrorism, epidemics, etc. Humanitarian supply chain is a special type of supply chain with unique features, which in these conditions plays a very important role in facing, controlling and reducing the effects of disasters. Therefore, the aim of this research is to present a humanitarian supply chain resilience model in dealing with epidemic diseases such the Coronavirus.

The research method is qualitative. Based on this, using the theory derived from the data, the humanitarian supply chain resilience model was formed in organizations providing humanitarian services. The result resulted in deriving the humanitarian supply chain model in dealing with epidemic diseases.

Based on the results of the research, it was determined that the mentioned model has 28 sub-categories in the form of 6 main categories is (causal conditions of resilience, attention to the resilience of the humanitarian supply chain, background conditions of resilience, intervening elements of resilience, strategies of resilience and consequences of resilience).

Blockchain technology in the banking industry is effective in speeding up the transactions, increasing security, dealing with bank embezzlement and storing customer information, and reducing the time and costs of banking operations.

The purpose of this research is to map the impact of blockchain technology functions on the Iran's banking system.

First of all, the functions of the banking system and blockchain technology are identified using the systematic literature review. In the next step, the functions are screened with Fuzzy Delphi Method (FDM). The statistical sample of the research included 12 senior managers of four banks: Melli, Pasargad, Maskan, and Saderat.

Using systematic literature review method, the functions of the banking system and blockchain technology are identified, and the results are localized with FDM, which finally 13 functions for the blockchain and 5 functions (establishment of the monetary and credit system, value creation, public cooperation, facilitation exchanges and balance of parallel markets) for the banking system are identified. Based on the results of the Intuitive Fuzzy Cognitive Map (IFCM), blockchain leads to the development of an integrated infrastructure between the management systems of banks, customer information management and information exchange.

According to the results, the functions of blockchain technology lead the bank stakeholders to implement this technology faster. The results indicate that senior managers of banking system should pay more attention to the important functions of blockchain and solutions.

One of the most important decisions of company managers is the one about combining and how to finance companies, that plays an important role in company's operation and efficiency. Decisions of financing can be affected by different factors. One of these factors is manager's personality trait. The main purpose in this article is to study the effects of managers' overconfidence on company's efficiency with considering the relevancy of intermediacy capital structure.

Statistical population in this research is the accepted companies in Tehran's Stock Exchange and its statistical sample includes 229 company data in a period of 6 years (2016-2020). Sampling method is systematic removal and the used method for sample estimation is firm multivariate regression.

The study's results have shown that in relevancy, overconfidence and company's efficiency with mediation of capital structure, there is no strong relation between manager's overconfidence and company's efficiency, and there is a strong reverse relation between capital structure and company's efficiency. This issue represents the complete mediation role of capital structure in this study, in other word all the effects of manager's overconfidence are applied on company's inefficiency by capital structure. 

Overconfidence makes managers not to make logical decisions and interpret their risk level properly. That's why the overconfident managers may use more debts in capital structure, despite the risk of financing from out of company. This issue makes the company's financial costs to grow and company's efficiency to descend

In many organizations, gender biases and stereotypes often occur, consciously or unconsciously, regardless of whether women assume leadership roles. In addition, women must overcome various challenges when assuming leadership roles or aspiring to be leaders. The present research has examined the management challenges of women managers in Khuzestan province from the perspective of experts. The research is qualitative in terms of development results, in terms of practical goals and in terms of data. The approach of the present study was mixed. Based on this, the present study in two levels includes the identification of concepts that were extracted by interviewing 17 women managers of Khuzestan province using the phenomenological method and also grading the concepts using the fuzzy Delphi method, with 10 experts and experts in political fields. Social, cultural, economic of Khuzestan province, an in-depth interview was conducted. The prioritization of women's management challenges based on the lived experience of the participants are: lack of protective laws, allocation of the lowest management level to women, traditional view of women, attendance at non-working hours of the office, ineffective management training courses. pay discrimination between male and female managers, emotional mood, lack of family cooperation, patriarchal view in organizations, low self-confidence, unwillingness to go on work missions, interference of family life with work, confronting female colleagues. which was categorized into 5 main concepts of glass ceiling, historical dominance of men over women, low self-confidence of women, incompatibility of customary and religious frameworks for the presence of women, disobedience of female colleagues. The structural space and organizational culture with the influence of the dominance and influence of the cultural system of the society as the most important, the most effective and the closest interactive environment of the world of work and employment of women is effective in their reaching managerial levels.

The relationship between Industry and the University is one of the topics that has been given a lot of attention in Iranian society in the last few decades and many researches have been done in this regard. This paper uses a systematic literature review (SLR) with the aim of categorizing and summarizing the literature in the field of cooperation between industry and university. This research as a qualitative study, uses PRISMA method and theme analysis technique and Atlas TI software. It investigated a systematic review of the papers published in journals in the field of cooperation between industry and university in Iran business and knowledge ecosystems from 2011 to 2020. After going through the four steps proposed in the systematic review method, 97 papers from different journals remained, which were coded and analyzed. A thematic network of factors raised in the field of communication between business and knowledge ecosystems (industry and university) was presented. Based on the results, all the different factors mentioned in the studies carried out in a decade in Iran can be categorized into five general factors, which are "goals of cooperation", "obstacles to cooperation", "models of cooperation", "cooperation channels" and "cooperation enhancers".