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This study explores the impact of incorporating graphene oxide (GO) and zinc (Zn) on the electrochemical performance of the Li[Li0.20Mn0.54Ni0.13Co0.13]O2 cathode material, a candidate for high-performance lithium-ion batteries. Through the sol-gel and hydrothermal synthesis methods, composite structures were achieved by combining the base material with GO and introducing Zn as a dopant. Comprehensive electrochemical assessments, including cyclic voltammetry and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, were conducted to analyze how these modifications affect charge transfer, capacity, and ionic conductivity. The results revealed that the GO addition enhances conductivity and stability, while Zn doping significantly reduces polarization and improves lithium-ion transport. Together, GO and Zn achieve synergistic effects, resulting in improved cycling stability and higher capacity, underscoring their potential to optimize the performance of Li-rich layered oxide cathodes.

Current research deals with removing Azure C dye from aqueous solutions via adsorption on graphene oxide-carboxymethyl cellulose-co-acrylamide (GO/P(CMC-Co-Am)) nanocomposite. The nanocomposite studied here was synthesized via free radical copolymerization and further characterized by Fourier Transform infrared (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Field Emission electron microscopy (FESEM). For exploring the adsorption efficiency of prepared nanocomposite, batch adsorption experiments were conducted that explains the effect of pH, contact time, adsorbent dose, and salt concentration on Azure C dye adsorption. Kinetic study revealed the fitness of pseudo-second kinetic model suggesting a chemical adsorption mechanism. An optimal adsorption time of 120 minutes was observed, yielding an adsorption capacity of 9.14 mg/g. The point of zero charge of nanocomposite was observed to be pH 5. Increasing the adsorbent dose initially enhanced adsorption but eventually led to a decline due to aggregation and competition for adsorption sites. The presence of salts, particularly CaCl2, positively influenced adsorption via salting-out effect.

Water pollution is one of the critical challenges of today’s society. Dyes are carcinogenic pollutants that are resistant to degradation and their adsorptive removal from water require some adsorbents with higher adsorption efficiency. Current research focuses on the adsorptive removal of Azure C dye onto a graphene oxide-carboxymethyl cellulose-co-acrylamide (GO/P(CMC-Co-Am)) nanocomposite synthesized via free radical copolymerization process. Batch adsorption study was carried out for bitter understanding the effects of dye concentration and temperature on adsorption efficiency. Data from concentration study and temperature was applied to different isotherm models and thermodynamic study. Results revealed that Freundlich isotherm model fits best to adsorption data (R² = 0.9219), highlighting the heterogeneous adsorption. Furthermore, high temperature results in decreasing the adsorption capacity, revealing the exothermic nature of the adsorption process. Thermodynamically, the process was spontaneous and exothermic in nature with a decrease in entropy over a range of temperature. Overall, results showed the effectiveness of GO/P(CMC-Co-Am) nanocomposite for adsorption of Azure C dye from water.

This study investigates the adsorption performance of spinel nanostructures-embedded grapheneoxide (GO) for removing toxic Pb2+ions from water. The graphene oxide nanocomposites con-taining Fe3O4, CoFe2O4, and NiFe2O4nanoparticles were synthesized and characterized. TheNiFe2O4/GO nanocomposite exhibited the highest Pb2+adsorption capacity, reaching 96.1%removal at 75 minutes contact time with initial Pb2+concentration of 10 ppm. The CoFe2O4/GOnanocomposite achieved 90.3% Pb2+removal under similar conditions, while Fe3O4/GO showed88.8%. Kinetic studies revealed the adsorption followed a pseudo-second-order model with R2values of 0.99-1.00. The adsorption mechanism involves surface adsorption on GO sheets andspinel nanoparticles. The nanocomposites demonstrated good recyclability, maintaining over65% removal efficiency after three consecutive cycles. This study provides insights into design-ing effective adsorbents for mitigating potentially toxic elements pollution in water, addressingenvironmental and public health challenges.

Voltammetric detection of active substances has occupied an important place in the last decades. In this study, a novel highly efficient electrochemical sensor was fabricated using a combination of titanium dioxide nanoparticles and multi-walled carbon nanotubes mixed with graphene oxide sheets for the sensitive detection of the antibiotic Azithromycin.  The results show that the constructed electrode has excellent electrocatalytic activity for Azithromycin detection (pH 7) compared to the unmodified electrode due to the mobilized TiO2 nano-conductors on the MWCNTs@GO.  The electrochemical behavior of Azithromycin was perfectly reversible. Transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, infrared spectroscopy, and Raman spectroscopy analyses were performed to examine the particularities of the IL-TiO2 NPs@MWCNTs/GO/GCE interface. The effects of pH, accumulation time, scan rate, and the amount of multi-walled carbon nanotubes required for creation were investigated and optimized by applying Cyclic Voltammetry and DPV at pH 7.0. Phosphate buffer medium. The results showed that the number of protons and electrons involved in the electrooxidation reaction of Azithromycin is equal. The calibration curve was plotted in the concentration range of 10-3 to 0.5×10-6 M using the DPV method. The limit of detection and limit of quantification were calculated as 1.772×10-8 M and 5.83×10-8 M, respectively. The described method was applied to determine Azithromycin in pharmaceutical formulations and human blood and urine samples. The good recovery values between 96.6% and 99.1% suggest the applicability, efficiency, and reliability of the sensor for the determination of Azithromycin.

The Biginelli Reaction is a one-pot acid catalysed cyclocondensation of -keto ester, urea and aromatic aldehyde which leads to the synthesis of functionalised 3,4-dihydro-2(H)-pyrimidinones (DHPMs). This three-component reaction for the synthesis of dihydropyrimidinone and corresponding dihydropyrimidinethiones has now been known for more than a century since first reported in 1893. The classical reaction has been modified in the recent past by using various catalysts and several structural variants in different solvents to synthesize large number of Biginelli type compounds. Also, these DHPMs (synthetic and natural) possess a wide range of pharmacological activities.

This study attempts to improve the anti-bacterial, thermal and mechanical properties of Poly-Lactic Acid (PLA)/Graphene Oxide (GO) by incorporating the titanium oxide (TiO2) nanoparticles. For this purpose, the TiO2 nanoparticles were introduced into PLA/GO films in the content of 1, 3, and 5 wt%. The film samples were prepared by the solution casting method. The mechanical properties were evaluated by a tensile test to report the tensile strength, elongation, and elastic modulus. The thermal properties were investigated by Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) and Thermal Gravimetric Analysis (TGA) tests, and the agar disk diffusion method was carried out to investigate the antibacterial properties of the film samples. The Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FE-SEM) images showed the homogenous dispersion of the nanoparticles in the PLA matrix. TGA results showed that incorporating GO and TiO2 nanoparticles improves the thermal stability of the PLA matrix considerably.

A series of Graphene Oxide/ Polyacrylamide (GO/PAM) super-elastic nanocomposites with different amounts of Graphene Oxide Nanosheets (GONSs) (0.5, 1, 1.5, and 2 wt. %) were synthesized using an in-situ polymerization in an aqueous medium in this paper. To this end, we proposed a method for obtaining super-elastic nanocomposites with a high dispersion of GONSs in the PAM chains as well as in a rapid synthesis. Fine adaptability, powerful inner interaction between embedded GONSs into the PAM chains, and remarkable enhancement of mechanical and thermal properties of synthesized GO/PAM super-elastic nanocomposites can be considered as the unique characteristics of this synthesis method in a short time. In this study, GONSs were prepared by a modified Hummer's procedure at ambient temperature. Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM), thermo-Gravimetric Analysis (TGA) and DifferentialThermal Analysis (DTA) were employed to characterize the internal network structure of GONSs, PAM, and GO/PAM nanocomposites. XRD investigation indicated the increase of the interlayer spacing of GONSs. The exfoliation and dispersion of GONSs in the PAM matrix were studied by XRD and FESEM. The formation of oxygen-including groups on the surface of GONSs and hydrogen linking between GONSs and PAM was confirmed by FT-IR spectra and DTA. Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) was used to evaluate the thickness of the synthesized GONSs that was measured to be about 6.85 nm. Ultraviolet-Visible (UV/vis) spectroscopy illustrated the high percent of oxidation with more oxygen-including groups on the GONSs basal surface. Raman spectroscopy was also utilized to determine the induced disorder degree in the synthesized graphene oxide and distinguish the number of its layers. Thermal properties curves of GO/PAM nanocomposites represented an improvement trend in degradation temperature and a remaining amount up to GO-loaded (1.5 wt. %). The addition of GONSs also showed the significant improvement of viscoelastic behavior in PAM chains. The highest storage modulus (G'; 6.42 MPa) and loss modulus (G"; 0.98 MPa) are related to GO/PAM nanocomposite with 1.5 wt. % GO-loading. Based on the empirical result, the GONSs could remarkably enhance the thermal conductivity of PAM which was measured to be about 0.49 W.m-1.K-1. Thermal conductivity of GO1.5/PAM nanocomposite was about 0.9 W.m-1.K-1 that showed 84 % increase compared to the PAM.