basics of visual arts

Cinema was initially silent and without the presence of verbal dialogues, it solely conveyed meaning to the audience through images. Thus, during this period, and even afterwards, the dominant expressive element in cinema was the image. The rules that were established in the foundations of visual arts were the same fundamental principles applied in the art of cinema. Cinema, built upon the scientific achievements of visual arts, formed the basis of the visual composition and the undeniable connection between these two artistic domains. Therefore, filmmakers who remained faithful to the rules and principles of visual arts or utilized them achieved significant success in incorporating aesthetic elements in their films. The main question of this research is, what influences has cinema accepted from the basics of visual arts in its framing? The research method is descriptive-analytical and its approach is historical. It is also a method of collecting library information and direct observation of works. According to the investigation and study of the history of cinematographic works, it can be said that the basics of visual arts are the inspiration of cinema, and by applying similar rules, cinema frames its works both visually and in terms of content. . In this research, a list of influential films and directors in the history of cinema from different countries and in different periods of time, in which there is a trace of visual arts before it, has been selected in order to be better and more comprehensive. It is possible to reach a complete summary of the influence of visual arts on the images of cinematographic works and analyze them.

Taking a look at inscriptions and writing inscriptions in the ornamentation of Islamic era monuments have been used and considered by Muslim artists as a link of the handwriting and architecture since the early Islamic centuries, and this enduring art is still performed by the artists until the present time. Over time, historical monuments such as inscriptions are undoubtedly subjected to various damages, and these valuable works suffer from various perspectives of aesthetics, authenticity, unity, integrity, and readability. Since every year in the country, large-scale restoration operations are carried out and inscriptions are not excepted. Considering that inscriptions are accounted as an important part of the world's cultural heritage and are considered as the most important documents for research about historical monuments, but in most cases, the restoration of inscriptions is a matter of taste and sometimes are done incorrectly. For this reason, attempts were made to select some samples of restorations of written inscriptions and are critically studied from the viewpoint of the present theory restoration and the basics of visual arts. The results of the research indicate that the performed restorations are a matter of taste and the visual arts basics were not considered in the restoration of most of the written inscriptions, and the inscriptions have lost their beauty and integrity, readability and originality, etc. On one hand, there is a lack of criteria in accordance with the theoretical principles of restoration to restore the areas; there is lack of these categories of valuable written works. This issue has not been noticed not only in Iran, but also in the international community. Therefore, there is a need for a serious review of the issue of the criteria in accordance with the theoretical principles of restoration considering the importance of handwriting and calligraphy and observing the basics of the visual arts in the renovation of the written inscriptions. The results indicate that despite the lack of criteria for the restoration of the deficient area of inscriptions, the restorer should have an excellent command of maintaining integrity, authenticity and aesthetics, twelve components of calligraphy, different types of calligraphy, and the basics of visual arts, in addition to the theoretical foundations of restoration while restoring the deficient areas in the inscriptions. The research method of this article is qualitative and descriptively-comparative; the methods of finding in this research include field studies, reference to various sources and library studies and are applied in terms of purpose.