gestalt principles of visual perception

The Davazdah Imam Mausoleum of Yazd, built-in 429 A.H., is one of the rare historical buildings in the Islamic world, which is very famous among Islamic architecture researchers worldwide. The Grivar inscription of this building shows the Ayatul Kursi verse in Moashaq Moshajar script in azure color on a plaster bed. Gestalt theory of visual perception is one of the influential theories of the 20th century in visual arts, which focuses the process of visual perception on a unified vision and the integrity of the work of art, and proposes 10 principles of visual perception. Due to the wideness of the Gestalt concept, no direct translation has been made in any language. This word means "form" and "shape" in German. In English, it is called "organized whole", "supposition", or "formation". In the Persian language, it can be equated to concepts such as "shape", "form", "structure", and "wholeness". It should be added immediately that none of these words alone fully express the meaning proposed by Gestalt. By watching a collection to perceive and feel it, the human mind unconsciously analyzes and categorizes its components and simultaneously thinks about form and content. It is the basis of the principles of Gestalt visual perception, which is the scientific basis of the present research for the visual analysis of the mentioned inscription. Several examples of works of art can be seen where artists have unconsciously used the principles of Gestalt perceptual organization in their creation without being aware of these rules. The inscription of the Twelve Imams of Yazd is also one of these works because its visual beauty and richness result from the use of good Gestalts by its designer (s), even when these rules were not discovered. Perhaps, in the analysis of how to perceive the visual space of an inscription and the criteria of its formation, the most appropriate approach is the Gestalt theory, which was used for evaluation in this research, and by conducting studies on it, the extent of utilization of these principles can be achieved. The current research was conducted through library and field studies, and the method used was descriptive and analytical. To collect the images of the inscription under the dome of the Davazdah Imam Mausoleum of Yazd, first, the entire inscription was photographed, despite being at a high height compared to the ground and its particular problems. Then, according to the photos, the software recreated this inscription from the beginning to the end, which is one of the long inscriptions. Some parts of the inscription were worn and damaged, which made it difficult to perform accurately. Subsequently, the visual analysis of the recreated design based on Gestalt principles began, and due to the diversity of these principles and the visual complexity of the inscription components, only some of these principles were focused on. This research tries to adapt three essential principles from the 10 principles of Gestalt psychology of sensation and perception in the mentioned inscription and seeks to answer these questions: - To what extent and how have the designers used the principles of figure-ground, continuity, and common fate to design the magnificent inscription of the Twelve Imams of Yazd? - What is the Pragnanz degree of applying each of these principles in the design of the examined inscription? The results of this research showed that the charm and beauty of the Grivar inscription of the Davazdah Imam Mausoleum of Yazd is the result of the use of artistic taste and the proper application of different Gestalts in the whole and its parts; however, this was done unintentionally and without knowing the scientific and psychological foundations of this theory. Considering this inscription's breadth and complexity, it was impossible to examine all the principles and rules of Gestalt in this study. Undoubtedly, the intensity of other possible Gestalts affected the quality of the overall perception received from scrutinizing the inscription. However, the result obtained from this research showed that the visual richness in the inscription results from applying the Gestalt of figure-ground, continuity, and common fate to a large degree, which remarkably created its substantial and satisfactory Pragnanz.

“In order to control” as an interactive installation based on typography and motion that is Nota Bene –the creative and artistic group- made and presented it in years 2011 to 2015 in numerous international festival and exhibitions. This multimedia installation uses new digital media technologies combined with the human body and lets its visitors to explore in typographic space and has unique experience. Present research method is a descriptive, analytical and deductive manner, therefore studying this interaction work with the Gestalt visual rules. What is important in gestalt visual perception principles is realizing the communication perception that cause significant behavior. The purpose of this study was to discover the impact quality of gestalt visual perception rules in an interactive installation to identify its potential in creating beneficial communication. Achievement of accommodation of this theory to typographic installation showed that use them get better organized components and also makes perception work easier and logical which cause the audience to participate actively and had more interaction with other visitors and leads to communicate, exchange knowledge and experience. Moreover, despite of an effective role of designer in the implementation of gestalt principles in structure, should not be ignored varied and different pragnans of audience random acts and movements. In addition, the relationship between form and content is based on the collaborative and dynamic presence of the participants, but their collective solidarity in determining the trend and fate of the layout, which can be broadly extended to civil society, is likely to bring different and more appropriate results to Follows. The achievements of matching the present sample and Gestalt's rules showed that although the content and Raw material of the work of art were at the discretion of the artist and the perceptual principles of Gestalt were designed in advance, the dependence of the seven principles of Gestalt's visual perception on random acts, motions, and audience's decision It also should not be overlooked in the process of completing the effect, so that if the element of writing and movement are the most important components of the planned layout, the presence of the audience is certainly the most important and decisive element of the unpredictable and effective in its perceptual process, such that the transcript It has established with these rules. Also, after examining the principles of Gestalt, a general arrangement was made that the effect of each of the laws was not the same and exhibited different pregnancies, thus emphasizing one of them as the most important principle in the arrangement is difficult and unrecognizable, While the performance of these rules on the form and content can be estimated in equal proportions. Another noteworthy point in the "in order to control" is that typography is more in the service of visual aesthetics and the participants are also more externally distinct, but with all this, the title, content of the layout and general goals of the ideologists can still be matched to the visual structure.